Computer Science / Artificial Intelligence

Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Multi-hop Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Question Answering

February 09, 2026

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Title: Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Multi-hop Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Question Answering
ArXiv ID: 2601.01195
Date: 2026-01-03
Authors: Wuzhenghong Wen, Chao Xue, Su Pan, Yuwei Sun, Minlong Peng

📝 Abstract

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) involves multi-hop reasoning over temporally constrained entity relationships in the knowledge graph to answer a given question. However, at each hop, large language models (LLMs) retrieve subgraphs with numerous temporally similar and semantically complex relations, increasing the risk of suboptimal decisions and error propagation. To address these challenges, we propose the multi-hop reasoning enhanced (MRE) framework, which enhances both forward and backward reasoning to improve the identification of globally optimal reasoning trajectories. Specifically, MRE begins with prompt engineering to guide LLM in generating diverse reasoning trajectories for the given question. Valid reasoning trajectories are then selected for supervised finetuning, serving as a cold-start strategy. Finally, we introduce Tree-Group Relative Policy Optimization (T-GRPO)-a recursive, tree-structured learning-by-exploration approach. At each hop, exploration establishes strong causal dependencies on the previous hop, while evaluation is informed by multi-path exploration feedback from subsequent hops. Experimental results on two TKGQA benchmarks indicate that the proposed MR...

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Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Multi-hop Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Question Answering

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