Engineering Attack Vectors and Detecting Anomalies in Additive Manufacturing

📝 Original Info

• Title: Engineering Attack Vectors and Detecting Anomalies in Additive Manufacturing
• ArXiv ID: 2601.00384
• Date: 2026-01-01
• Authors: Md Mahbub Hasan, Marcus Sternhagen, Krishna Chandra Roy

📝 Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly integrating into critical sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and healthcare. However, this cyber-physical convergence introduces new attack surfaces, especially at the interface between computer-aided design (CAD) and machine execution layers. In this work, we investigate targeted cyberattacks on two widely used fused deposition modeling (FDM) systems, Creality's flagship model K1 Max, and Ender 3. Our threat model is a multi-layered Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) intrusion, where the adversary intercepts and manipulates G-code files during upload from the user interface to the printer firmware. The MitM intrusion chain enables several stealthy sabotage scenarios. These attacks remain undetectable by conventional slicer software or runtime interfaces, resulting in structurally defective yet externally plausible printed parts. To counter these stealthy threats, we propose an unsupervised Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that analyzes structured machine logs generated during live printing. Our defense mechanism uses a frozen Transformer-based encoder (a BERT variant) to extract semantic representations of system behavior, followed by a contrastively trained projection head that learns a...

📄 Full Content

...(본문 내용이 길어 생략되었습니다. 사이트에서 전문을 확인해 주세요.)