AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms

📝 Original Info

• Title: AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms
• ArXiv ID: 2512.23633
• Date: 2025-12-29
• Authors: LearnLM Team, Eedi, :, Albert Wang, Aliya Rysbek, Andrea Huber, Anjali Nambiar, Anna Kenolty, Ben Caulfield, Beth Lilley-Draper, Bibi Groot, Brian Veprek, Chelsea Burdett, Claire Willis, Craig Barton, Digory Smith, George Mu, Harriet Walters, Irina Jurenka, Iris Hulls, James Stalley-Moores, Jonathan Caton, Julia Wilkowski, Kaiz Alarakyia, Kevin R. McKee, Liam McCafferty, Lucy Dalton, Markus Kunesch, Pauline Malubay, Rachel Kidson, Rich Wells, Sam Wheeler, Sara Wiltberger, Shakir Mohamed, Simon Woodhead, Vasco Brazão

📝 Abstract

One-to-one tutoring is widely considered the gold standard for personalized education, yet it remains prohibitively expensive to scale. To evaluate whether generative AI might help expand access to this resource, we conducted an exploratory randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 𝑵 = 165 students across five UK secondary schools. We integrated LearnLM-a generative AI model fine-tuned for pedagogy-into chat-based tutoring sessions on the Eedi mathematics platform. In the RCT, expert tutors directly supervised LearnLM, with the remit to revise each message it drafted until they would be satisfied sending it themselves. LearnLM proved to be a reliable source of pedagogical instruction, with supervising tutors approving 76.4% of its drafted messages m...

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