Improving Underwater Acoustic Classification Through Learnable Gabor Filter Convolution and Attention Mechanisms

📝 Original Info

• Title: Improving Underwater Acoustic Classification Through Learnable Gabor Filter Convolution and Attention Mechanisms
• ArXiv ID: 2512.14714
• Date: 2025-12-09
• Authors: Lucas Cesar Ferreira Domingos, Russell Brinkworth, Paulo Eduardo Santos, Karl Sammut

📝 Abstract

Remotely detecting and classifying underwater acoustic targets is critical for environmental monitoring and defence. However, the complexity of ship-radiated and environmental noise poses significant challenges for accurate signal processing. While recent advancements in machine learning have improved classification accuracy, limited dataset availability and a lack of standardised experimentation hinder generalisation and robustness. This paper introduces GSE ResNeXt, a deep learning architecture integrating learnable Gabor convolutional layers with a ResNeXt backbone enhanced by squeeze-and-excitation attention. The Gabor filters serve as two-dimensional adaptive band-pass filters, extending the feature channel representation. Its combination with channel attention improves training stability and convergence while enhancing the model's ability to extract discriminative features. The model is evaluated using three training-test split strategies that reflect increasingly complex classification tasks, demonstrating how systematic evaluation design addresses issues such as data leakage, temporal separation, and taxonomy. Results show that GSE ResNeXt consisten...

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