Operatopes, Operanoids, and Noncommutative Zonoids

We study a class of convex bodies called operatopes that are obtained by taking Minkowski sums of affine images of an operator norm ball. This notion generalizes that of zonotopes which are Minkowksi sums of line segments. Taking the limit of the number of line segments to infinity yields the class of convex bodies called zonoids, which can also be viewed as the expectation of a random line segment. Expanding on this interpretation, we analogously define operanoids as the expectation of a random affine image of an operator norm ball. In studying the properties of operanoids when the dimension of the operator norm ball grows, we arrive at a new asymptotic regime for limits of convex bodies. This leads to the more general class of convex bodies called noncommutative zonoids, and we use the framework of free probability theory to illustrate basic properties and examples. Finally, we discuss applications of operanoids and noncommutative zonoids in statistics and stochastic processes.

💡 Research Summary

The paper introduces three new families of convex bodies—operatopes, operanoids, and non‑commutative zonoids—that generalize classical zonotopes and zonoids by replacing line segments with affine images of the operator‑norm unit ball in the space of Hermitian matrices.

An m‑operatop is defined as a finite Minkowski sum of affine images of the operator‑norm ball (B_{\infty}(H_m)={X\in H_m:|X|_{op}\le1}). Its support function can be written as
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