Gravitational effects on a dissipative two-level atom in the weak-field regime

We investigate the dissipative dynamics of a two-level atom in a weak gravitational field. Using the Feynman–Vernon influence functional formalism, we derive a quantum master equation describing the two-level atom interacting with a scalar field in a Newtonian gravitational field, and compute the energy dissipation rate of the atom. We find that the spontaneous emission rate (the dissipation rate in vacuum) is modified by the gravitational field. Specifically, this modification depends on the atom’s dipole, the position of the atom relative to the source of the gravitational field, and the frequency of the scalar radiation emitted by the atom. Furthermore, we identify the parameter regimes in which the spontaneous emission rate is enhanced or suppressed by gravity. We also discuss how the modification arises from time dilation and dipole radiation in a weak gravitational field. These findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring gravitational effects in open quantum systems.

💡 Research Summary

The paper investigates how a weak Newtonian gravitational field modifies the dissipative dynamics of a two‑level atom that is coupled to a massless scalar quantum field. Using the Feynman‑Vernon influence‑functional formalism, the authors first write down the total action as the sum of the atom’s internal dynamics, the free scalar field, and their interaction. The gravitational field is introduced via a weak metric perturbation g_{μν}=diag