Models, Calculation and Optimization of Gas Networks, Equipment and Contracts for Design, Operation, Booking and Accounting

📝 Abstract

There are proposed models of contracts, technological equipment and gas networks and methods of their optimization. The flow in network undergoes restrictions of contracts and equipment to be operated. The values of sources and sinks are provided by contracts. The contract models represent (sub-) networks. The simplest contracts represent either nodes or edges. Equipment is modeled by edges. More sophisticated equipment is represented by sub-networks. Examples of such equipment are multi-poles and compressor stations with many entries and exits. The edges can be of different types corresponding to equipment and contracts. On such edges, there are given systems of equation and inequalities simulating the contracts and equipment. On this base, the methods proposed that allow: calculation and control of contract values for booking on future days and for accounting of sales and purchases; simulation and optimization of design and of operation of gas networks. These models and methods are implemented in software systems ACCORD and Graphicord as well as in the distributed control system used by Wingas, Germany. As numerical example, the industrial computations are presented.

💡 Analysis

There are proposed models of contracts, technological equipment and gas networks and methods of their optimization. The flow in network undergoes restrictions of contracts and equipment to be operated. The values of sources and sinks are provided by contracts. The contract models represent (sub-) networks. The simplest contracts represent either nodes or edges. Equipment is modeled by edges. More sophisticated equipment is represented by sub-networks. Examples of such equipment are multi-poles and compressor stations with many entries and exits. The edges can be of different types corresponding to equipment and contracts. On such edges, there are given systems of equation and inequalities simulating the contracts and equipment. On this base, the methods proposed that allow: calculation and control of contract values for booking on future days and for accounting of sales and purchases; simulation and optimization of design and of operation of gas networks. These models and methods are implemented in software systems ACCORD and Graphicord as well as in the distributed control system used by Wingas, Germany. As numerical example, the industrial computations are presented.

📄 Content

Models, Calculation and Optimization of Gas Networks, Equipment and Contracts for Design, Operation, Booking and Accounting L. A. Ostromuhov ∗† Abstract There are proposed models of contracts, technological equipment and gas networks and methods of their optimization. The flow in network undergoes restrictions of contracts and equipment to be operated. The values of sources and sinks are provided by contracts. The contract models represent (sub-) networks. The simplest contracts represent either nodes or edges. Equipment is modeled by edges. More sophisticated equipment is represented by sub-networks. Examples of such equipment are multi- poles and compressor stations with many entries and exits. The edges can be of different types corresponding to equipment and contracts. On such edges, there are given systems of equation and inequalities simulating the contracts and equipment. On this base, the methods proposed that allow: calculation and control of contract values for booking on future days and for accounting of sales and purchases; simulation and optimization of design and of operation of gas networks. These models and methods are implemented in software systems ACCORD and Graphicord as well as in the distributed control system GAMOS used by Wingas, Germany. As numerical example, the industrial computations are presented. Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Models and problems 5 2.1 Analysis of models used in gas supply companies . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Contract and client station models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.1 Contract models for planning and control of gas networks and for invoicing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.2 Models of client and shut-offstations. . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ∗Dr. L. A. Ostromuhov, Wingas Transport GmbH, Baumbachstr. 1, 34119 Kassel, Ger- many. E-mail: leonid.ostromuhov@wingas-transport.de †The paper is presented on the World Symposium on Computing in the Gas Industry, 26-28.04.1999 in Florence, Italy. 1 arXiv:1106.3977v3 [cs.CE] 23 Jun 2011 2.3 Network models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3.1 Network models for hydraulic simulation and optimization. 8 2.3.2 Using the optimization based on hydraulic simulation by planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Flow network models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 Mathematical model and problem formulation . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.6 Merits and demerits of different optimization problems . . . . . . 13 2.6.1 The network optimization based on hydraulic simulation. 13 2.6.2 The network optimization based only on flow models. . . 13 3 Method of continuous - discrete nonlinear optimization on a network 14 4 Numerical example and experience: optimal operation of a gas network 15 5 Quality, supply, and cost tracking 16 6 Conclusions 17 7 Notation 19 8 Figures 21 9 Tables 31 1 Introduction In the paper, the contract models are proposed, which represent (sub-) networks. These contract models are used for booking, accounting, estimation of contract values, for control and operation of contracts, and for network optimization. In addition, equipment is modeled by edges and sub-networks. The edges can be of different types. A type of an edge correspond to a type of equipment and contracts. On such edges, there are given systems of equation and inequalities simulating the operation of equipment and contracts. In case of a gas network, an edge might have a type of a pipe, compressor, compressor station, control valve, shut-offvalve, and so on. The models of contracts and equipment construct a base for methods for balancing and optimization both of contracts and of gas networks for design, planning, control, operation, booking and accounting. These models, methods and functions describing contracts and equipment are realized in the software systems ACCORD and GRAPHICORD. The proposed here contract models are implemented in the distributed con- trol system GAMOS used by Wingas, Germany. The program implementation in GAMOS is provided by Dr. Kaemmerling. 2 The software ACCORD has been developed as application of economic and operational steady state simulation and optimization of gas pipeline networks. Any network topology and in principle almost any objectives are available. Minimization of fuel gas and purchased electricity, minimization of cost of pur- chased gas, injection and withdrawal optimization for storage facilities within the network, profit maximization with cost consideration are provided for any network. Both the quality and supply tracking are available. It makes possible to produce the cost tracking, to estimate and to establish the optimal selling prices. Compressors can be considered both with and without description of their operating ranges or characteristics. ACCORD has graphical user interface and interface to the third party pro- grams e.g. to the distributed control systems. The programs providing these types of interface const

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