A Novel RF Energy Harvesting Module Integrated on a Single Substrate

📝 Abstract

This paper presents the RF energy harvesting module (RECTENNA). The working range of this module includes multiple bands i.e. GSM, ISM, WLAN, and UWB band. To enhance the capturing RF power capability an array arrangement of coplanar monopole antenna has been proposed. Wilkinson power combiner has also been implemented to combine the powers of this antenna array. The RF DC converter circuit having seven stages has also been integrated with this structure. This module produces the DC voltage of 1.8V with respect to +40dB RF input. It is the unique module because it has no need of port connectors. The impedance matching of antenna and converter has been fulfilled by incorporating the passive component at the combiners branch. The value of this passive component is kept equal to the existing value of impedance at input port of converter circuit.

💡 Analysis

This paper presents the RF energy harvesting module (RECTENNA). The working range of this module includes multiple bands i.e. GSM, ISM, WLAN, and UWB band. To enhance the capturing RF power capability an array arrangement of coplanar monopole antenna has been proposed. Wilkinson power combiner has also been implemented to combine the powers of this antenna array. The RF DC converter circuit having seven stages has also been integrated with this structure. This module produces the DC voltage of 1.8V with respect to +40dB RF input. It is the unique module because it has no need of port connectors. The impedance matching of antenna and converter has been fulfilled by incorporating the passive component at the combiners branch. The value of this passive component is kept equal to the existing value of impedance at input port of converter circuit.

📄 Content

A Novel RF Energy Harvesting Module Integrated on a Single Substrate Monika Mathur1, Ankit Agarawal2, Ghanshyam Singh3, S. K. Bhatnagar4 Department of Electronics and Communication 1,2,4 Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology , Management and Gramothan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA. 1,3Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA Email id: 1monikamathur16@ gmail.com, 2ankitsagarwal@ gmail.com, 3gschoudhary75@ gmail.com, 4bhatnagar_skb@yahoo.de

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the RF energy harvesting module (RECTENNA). The working range of this module includes multiple bands i.e. GSM, ISM, WLAN, and UWB band. To enhance the capturing RF power capability an array arrangement of coplanar monopole antenna has been proposed. Wilkinson power combiner has also been implemented to combine the powers of this antenna array. The RF-DC converter circuit having seven stages has also been integrated with this structure. This module produces the DC voltage of 1.8 V with respect to + 40 dB RF input. It is the unique module because it has no need of port connectors. The impedance matching of antenna and converter has been fulfilled by incorporating the passive component at the combiner’s branch. The value of this passive component is kept equal to the existing value of impedance at input port of converter circuit.
Key words: Rectenna, coplanar monopole antenna, Wilkinson power combiner, antenna array, impedance matching, RF-DC converter circuit. I. INTRODUCTION The primary focus of the Rectenna circuit is to design a suitable RF receiving antenna. For this purpose, an antenna should be designed to resonate on single, dual and multiband frequencies according to the need of the applications. The main aim of proposed work is to design a RF energy harvesting module for a wide range of frequencies which covers most of functional bands, e.g. GSM, Radio, ISM and UWB. It is well known that the RF spectrum widely employed for 900 MHz – 2 MHz (television and radio applications, GSM), 2.1GHz - 2.6 GHz (ISM band for various applications), and 3.1GHz -10.6 GHz (ultra wideband for satellite applications) [1]. Narrow band systems such as WLAN (3.1GHz - 4.4GHz), HIPERLAN (5.1GHz - 5.3GHz), C-BAND (4.4GHz - 5GHz) are also the useful bands. Keeping this in mind a compact coplanar monopole antenna has been designed and its 2 X 2 arrangement was reported [2]. For preparing the array arrangements of the antenna the literature [3-5] were profoundly studied. This antenna works for the wide range of frequencies of the above specified bands. As reported in the structure [2] the Wilkinson power combiners were preferred because it accomplishes two essential tasks of the structure. Firstly it combines the powers of two or four antennas serially and increases the input power of RF-DC converter circuit of energy harvesting module. Secondly it considered as the element of afford, for the impedance matching of antenna port and converter circuit. The maximum power transfer concept has been chosen for this impedance matching.
The multi band operation of the RF energy harvesting module developed on a single substrate is the innovation of this paper.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN

In RF energy harvesting module antenna is the major functionary part. It receives the power from the electromagnetic spectrum. The received RF power is converted into the DC output voltage from the module. So the antenna should be capable enough to receive the maximum energy/power from the spectrum. As the working range of our design is preferred from 900 MHz -10 GHz, the modification in the monopole antenna structure for multi frequencies resonance has investigated. For increasing the area of receiving as well as gain of the structure the 2 x 2 array of the coplanar monopole antenna has been designed and presented [2]. In this paper [2] only the simulated results were presented. The simulated antenna structure was as shown in figure 1[2]. The power of the individual structure has been combined by the Wilkinson power combiner. The reason for selecting this combiner is that we may externally adjoin the surface mount components at the combining branch of it for impedance matching purpose.

Figure 1. Simulated structure of 2 x 2 array arrangement of coplanar monopole antenna [2].

The simulated structure from licensed software HFSS version16 has been exposed resonant on the multi frequencies of different allocated bands as 900 MHz and 1.75 GHz (GSM band) 2.7 GHz (ISM), 3.5 GHz, 4 GHz and 5.2 GHz (WLAN), 6.5 GHz, 7.4 GHz, 8.5 GHz and 10 GHz (UWB). Further in this paper all measured results have been reported for the validation of proposed antenna structure. For the measurement purpose proposed structure has been fabricated as shown in figure 2. The measured result of return loss from VNA (Keysight Technologies) for fabricated structure is shown in figure 3. The resonant frequencies of the fabricat

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