Pressure Loss and Sound Generated In a Miniature Pig Airway Tree Model
📝 Abstract
Background: Pulmonary auscultation is a common tool for diagnosing various respiratory diseases. Previous studies have documented many details of pulmonary sounds in humans. However, information on sound generation and pressure loss inside animal airways is scarce. Since the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from human, the characteristics of pulmonary sounds and pressure loss inside animal airways can be different. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the sound and static pressure loss measured at the trachea of a miniature pig airway tree model based on the geometric details extracted from physical measurements. Methods: In the current study, static pressure loss and sound generation measured in the trachea was documented at different flow rates of a miniature pig airway tree. Results: Results showed that the static pressure and the amplitude of the recorded sound at the trachea increased as the flow rate increased. The dominant frequency was found to be around 1840-1870 Hz for flow rates of 0.2-0.55 lit/s. Conclusion: The results suggested that the dominant frequency of the measured sounds remained similar for flow rates from 0.20 to 0.55 lit/s. Further investigation is needed to study sound generation under different inlet flow and pulsatile flow conditions.
💡 Analysis
Background: Pulmonary auscultation is a common tool for diagnosing various respiratory diseases. Previous studies have documented many details of pulmonary sounds in humans. However, information on sound generation and pressure loss inside animal airways is scarce. Since the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from human, the characteristics of pulmonary sounds and pressure loss inside animal airways can be different. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the sound and static pressure loss measured at the trachea of a miniature pig airway tree model based on the geometric details extracted from physical measurements. Methods: In the current study, static pressure loss and sound generation measured in the trachea was documented at different flow rates of a miniature pig airway tree. Results: Results showed that the static pressure and the amplitude of the recorded sound at the trachea increased as the flow rate increased. The dominant frequency was found to be around 1840-1870 Hz for flow rates of 0.2-0.55 lit/s. Conclusion: The results suggested that the dominant frequency of the measured sounds remained similar for flow rates from 0.20 to 0.55 lit/s. Further investigation is needed to study sound generation under different inlet flow and pulsatile flow conditions.
📄 Content
Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering Pressure Loss and Sound Generated In a Miniature Pig Airway Tree Model Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction Several computational and experimental studies of fluid dynamics and acoustic propagation in the pulmonary system were carried out to investigate sound and flow characteristics for various respiratory disease such as Asthma, COPD, and pneumothorax. Since certain pulmonary conditions affect airway diameter and resistance, information about pressure losses in airways may be useful for diagnosis of pulmonary conditions or for patient monitoring. Earlier studies of sound propagation in the airways and lungs demonstrated the utility of these sounds for detecting various pulmonary conditions [1-8]. Sound propagation in the pulmonary system have been studied using animal [3,9,10] and benchtop [11,12] experiments. Numerical models [13-18] were also developed and validated using animal experiments [19- 21]. Earlier studies [22,23] measured pressure loss in model of human airways. Olson et al. [24] suggested that the coefficient of resistance due to flow inside airways is dependent on branching angle of a bifurcation; increase in cross sectional area from parent branch to daughter branches, and lengths of each branch in a bifurcation. While pressure and sound inside the airways were widely studied for humans, less information are available for pressure changes and sound generation inside pig airways. It is important to establish information for the airways of certain animal as animal models are often used in medical research. The objective of this research is to study static pressure losses and sound generation of a miniature pig airway tree. Materials and Methods The experimental setup (Figure 1) consists of two axial fans connected in series with a honeycomb between them. The honeycomb helped reduce the turbulence and create axial flow at the second fan inlet. A 100 mm diameter duct was connected to the fan setup outlet and carried the flow into the sound isolation chamber (Model: 4260S, WhisperRoom Inc., Knoxville, TN) where experiments were performed. The duct was then connected to a contraction with inlet and outlet diameter of 100 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The contraction outlet supplied air to an airway model of miniature pig. The airway tree model was built in SolidWorks (2012, SolidWorks corporation, Concord, MA.) based on the geometric features reported in earlier studies of pig airways [7,25-28]. The resulting CAD model was 3D printed using a Desktop 3D printer (MBot3D, El Paso, TX, model: MBot Grid 2) at a print resolution of 0.2mm. A pressure tap was drilled at the trachea 2 cm upstream of the carina to measure the pressure and sound (Figure 2).
Volume 3 Issue 6 - 2017
University of Central Florida, USA *Corresponding author: Md Khurshidul Azad, Biomedical Acoustics Research Laboratory, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA, Tel: +1 (407) 914-1758; E-mail:
Received: November 09, 2016 | Published: September 12, 2017 Research Article J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng 2017, 3(6): 00086 Abstract Background: Pulmonary auscultation is a common tool for diagnosing various respiratory diseases. Previous studies have documented many details of pulmonary sounds in humans. However, information on sound generation and pressure loss inside animal airways is scarce. Since the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from human, the characteristics of pulmonary sounds and pressure loss inside animal airways can be different. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the sound and static pressure loss measured at the trachea of a miniature pig airway tree model based on the geometric details extracted from physical measurements. Methods: In the current study, static pressure loss and sound generation measured in the trachea was documented at different flow rates of a miniature pig airway tree. Results: Results showed that the static pressure and the amplitude of the recorded sound at the trachea increased as the flow rate increased. The dominant frequency was found to be around 1840-1870 Hz for flow rates of 0.2-0.55 lit/s. Conclusion: The results suggested that the dominant frequency of the measured sounds remained similar for flow rates from 0.20 to 0.55 lit/s. Further investigation is needed to study sound generation under different inlet flow and pulsatile flow conditions. Keywords: Airway tree; Static Pressure; Trachea; Sound Generation; Pulsatile flow Citation: Azad MK, Taebi A, Mansy JH, Mansy HA (2017) Pressure Loss and Sound Generated In a Miniature Pig Airway Tree Model. J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng 3(6): 00086. DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00086 Pressure Loss and Sound Generated In a Miniature Pig Airway Tree Model 2/5 Copyright: ©2017 Azad et al. A diaphragm pressure transducer (Model: DP 103, diaphrag
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