The design of a proto-animal brain based upon spike timing

📝 Abstract

A basal animal model is described as an organism similar to a Limpet that is attached to the sea floor living in a reproductive community. Its brain model uses logic cells (gates) to create a high frequency spike generator. Addition logic cells create a timing framework based upon Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), and create multi-cell, spike driven muscle actuators and bi-directional shift registers that serve as memories. Together, these logic cells generate a pulse train that forms a recurrent fractal in the form of coherent square waves that consist of an equal number of set pulses and reset pulses. These pulses drive the actuators that pump water and food through its shell. Some of these individuals lose their permanent attachment to the sea floor, and evolve the ability to move around using the feeding motions. This creates the hazard of getting stuck against an object or moving away from its breeding community. They evolve a sensor system and logic cells that produce a restoring motion for each avoidance motion. This keeps the animal in the specific region of an object that it encounters (hefting), and maintains the zero sum (coherence) of the fractal, and connects the organism cyberneticly to objects that are sensed in its environment. The logic units evolve to store permanent memories, and add plus and minus pulse trains together into a single pulse train that allow the animal to follow a moving object (imprinting). Additional logic units evolve that allow the animal to heft using contacts with multiple objects that allow the animal to return to its point of origin (reproductive migration) using permanent memories that are created when a pulse is not reset to zero.So, information is stored in multiple logic cells instead of a connection to one logic cell, and is based upon spike timing rather than static (synaptic) connections between cells.

💡 Analysis

A basal animal model is described as an organism similar to a Limpet that is attached to the sea floor living in a reproductive community. Its brain model uses logic cells (gates) to create a high frequency spike generator. Addition logic cells create a timing framework based upon Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), and create multi-cell, spike driven muscle actuators and bi-directional shift registers that serve as memories. Together, these logic cells generate a pulse train that forms a recurrent fractal in the form of coherent square waves that consist of an equal number of set pulses and reset pulses. These pulses drive the actuators that pump water and food through its shell. Some of these individuals lose their permanent attachment to the sea floor, and evolve the ability to move around using the feeding motions. This creates the hazard of getting stuck against an object or moving away from its breeding community. They evolve a sensor system and logic cells that produce a restoring motion for each avoidance motion. This keeps the animal in the specific region of an object that it encounters (hefting), and maintains the zero sum (coherence) of the fractal, and connects the organism cyberneticly to objects that are sensed in its environment. The logic units evolve to store permanent memories, and add plus and minus pulse trains together into a single pulse train that allow the animal to follow a moving object (imprinting). Additional logic units evolve that allow the animal to heft using contacts with multiple objects that allow the animal to return to its point of origin (reproductive migration) using permanent memories that are created when a pulse is not reset to zero.So, information is stored in multiple logic cells instead of a connection to one logic cell, and is based upon spike timing rather than static (synaptic) connections between cells.

📄 Content

The design of a proto-animal brain based upon spike timing Robert Alan Brown Mattapoisett, Massachusetts, USA Abstract A basal animal model is described as an organism attached to the sea floor living in a reproductive community. Its control system (brain model) uses logic cells (gates) to create a high frequency spike generator. Addition logic cells create a timing framework based upon Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), and create multi-cell, spike driven muscle actuators and bi-directional shift registers that serve as memories. Together, these logic cells generate a pulse train that forms a recurrent fractal in the form of coherent square waves that consist of an equal number of set pulses and reset pulses. These pulses drive the actuators that pump water and food through its shell. Some of these individuals lose their permanent attachment to the sea floor, and evolve the ability to move around using the feeding motions. This creates the hazard of getting stuck against an object or moving away from its breeding community. They evolve a sensor system and logic cells that produce a restoring motion for each avoidance motion. This keeps the animal in the specific region of an object that it encounters (hefting), and maintains the zero sum (coherence) of the fractal, and connects the organism cyberneticly to objects that are sensed in its environment. The logic units evolve to store permanent memories, and add plus and minus pulse trains together into a single pulse train that allow the animal to follow a moving object (imprinting). A problem is created if an object is encountered at the very beginning or near the very end of a pulse. This problem is overcome by the use of two pulse trains operating at the same time in quadrature. The operation of this two phase system yields insights into the operation of animal brains where multiple control systems operate at the same time, but where only some are selected to be expressed at a given time. Additional logic units evolve that allow the animal to heft using contacts with multiple objects that allow the animal to return to its point of origin (reproductive migration) using permanent memories that are created when a pulse is not reset to zero. This leaves a permanent recurrent pulse in the fractal that influences the properties of the fractal. So, information is stored in multiple logic cells instead of a connection to one logic cell, and is based upon spike timing rather than static (synaptic) connections between cells. The high frequency spike train that drives a system using PWM has a higher information transmission rate when it operates at a higher frequency. The animal brain model in this study needs a high frequency spike train of 128 Hz to provide one second motions with a 1% resolution. A high frequency spike train of 1,000 Hz and higher is needed in a higher animal brain using PWM. These higher frequencies can be obtained by using multiple, parallel, interlaced frequency generators. Author Summary It is hard to understand how the millions of neurons in the brain produce successful animal behavior. So I set out to define and investigate the simplest brain model that produces useful animal behavior. Using the Limpet as the archetype, I showed how it can graze using a specific kind of spike coding called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Then I show how small additions, changes, and mirror image replications of this basal model allows the animal model to avoid an object in its environment (object avoidance), to return to its home position after it avoids an object (hefting), to follow an object (imprinting), to avoid multiple objects and return to its point of origin, (reproductive migration), and learn to follow a path through objects without contacting them (maze running). This exercise yielded many insights into how the brain can function. The most striking is the importance of rhythm. Just like music, dance, poetry and spoken language, they are all Spike timing

2 based upon a timing framework. The foundation of the timing framework is a high speed frequency generator (clock) that paces all of the events in these systems. All the information in these systems is contained in the set of timed pulse widths (values) stored within this timing framework. I show how this time information is stored and expressed by actuators that work like muscles with many cells that flex and extend due to spikes from the high frequency generator. Information is also stored in multi-celled, bi-directional shift register memories that use almost the same circuits as the muscles, but do not produce motion. So information is not stored at a single cell, but in a collection of cells. This explanation opens a new door into understanding how the brain works, as seen in the many examples in my paper, and places the time pulse as the foundational unit of the brain. 1. Introduction The present view in neuroscience is that brain memory and plasti

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