Real-Time Contingency Analysis with Corrective Transmission Switching - Part II: Results and Discussion

📝 Abstract

This paper presents the performance of an AC transmission switching (TS) based real-time contingency analysis (RTCA) tool that is introduced in Part I of this paper. The approach quickly proposes high quality corrective switching actions for relief of potential post-contingency network violations. The approach is confirmed by testing it on actual EMS snapshots of two large-scale systems, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland (PJM) Interconnection; the approach is also tested on data provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The results show that the tool effectively reduces post-contingency violations. Fast heuristics are used along with parallel computing to reduce the computational difficulty of the problem. The tool is able to handle the PJM system in about five minutes with a standard desktop computer. Time-domain simulations are performed to check system stability with corrective transmission switching (CTS). In conclusion, the paper shows that corrective switching is ripe for industry adoption. CTS can provide significant reliability benefits that can be translated into significant cost savings.

💡 Analysis

This paper presents the performance of an AC transmission switching (TS) based real-time contingency analysis (RTCA) tool that is introduced in Part I of this paper. The approach quickly proposes high quality corrective switching actions for relief of potential post-contingency network violations. The approach is confirmed by testing it on actual EMS snapshots of two large-scale systems, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland (PJM) Interconnection; the approach is also tested on data provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The results show that the tool effectively reduces post-contingency violations. Fast heuristics are used along with parallel computing to reduce the computational difficulty of the problem. The tool is able to handle the PJM system in about five minutes with a standard desktop computer. Time-domain simulations are performed to check system stability with corrective transmission switching (CTS). In conclusion, the paper shows that corrective switching is ripe for industry adoption. CTS can provide significant reliability benefits that can be translated into significant cost savings.

📄 Content

1 Abstract—This paper presents the performance of an AC transmission switching (TS) based real-time contingency analysis (RTCA) tool that is introduced in Part I of this paper. The ap- proach quickly proposes high quality corrective switching actions for relief of potential post-contingency network violations. The approach is confirmed by testing it on actual EMS snapshots of two large-scale systems, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland (PJM) Interconnection; the approach is also tested on data provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The results show that the tool effectively reduces post-contingency violations. Fast heuris- tics are used along with parallel computing to reduce the compu- tational difficulty of the problem. The tool is able to handle the PJM system in about five minutes with a standard desktop com- puter. Time-domain simulations are performed to check system stability with corrective transmission switching (CTS). In conclu- sion, the paper shows that corrective switching is ripe for indus- try adoption. CTS can provide significant reliability benefits that can be translated into significant cost savings.

Index Terms—Corrective transmission switching, energy man- agement systems, high performance computing, power system reliability, power system stability, real-time contingency analysis. I. INTRODUCTION REVIOUS research has demonstrated that transmission switching (TS) offers a variety of benefits. Despite the vast body of literature that is dedicated to TS, industry adoption has been very limited. The barriers include the fol- lowing: 1) TS problems are computationally expensive. 2) Studies on large-scale real systems based on actual operations is very rare and, thus, verifiable results are rare. 3) Many stud- ies rely on many algorithmic approximations, e.g., DC power flow assumptions. 4) System stability is also a concern. For a more extensive literature review, refer to part I [1] of this pa- per. This two-part paper aims to address these concerns. The above-mentioned state of the art challenges are investi- gated with the proposed fast TS-based AC real-time contin- gency analysis (RTCA) package, as described by Part I of this two-part paper. Stability studies are performed on a subset of the CTS solutions to confirm system stability. While Part I

The research is funded by Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Pro- jects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) under the Green Electricity Network Inte- gration (GENI) program.
X. Li, M. Sahraei-Ardakani , P. Balasubramanian, M. Abdi-Khorsand, and K. W. Hedman are with the School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engi- neering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA (e-mail: {Xingpeng.li; Mostafa; pbalasu3, mabdikho}@asu.edu; kwh@myuw.net). R. Podmore is the founder and president of IncSys, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA, (e-mail: robin@incsys.com). discusses the methodology, Part II includes description of the data, results, and discussion.
Actual snapshots from energy management systems (EMS) obtained from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) (3 snapshots) and the Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland (PJM) Interconnection (167 snapshots) are used as the inputs to the corrective transmission switching tool; fur- thermore, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) provided data corresponding to three days, which were used to produce 72 base case AC power flows. The results confirm the effec- tiveness of the developed tool, which can readily be adopted by the industry. To our knowledge, this paper is among the first comprehensive studies that addresses the state of the art challenges of TS with actual EMS data at this level of detail. Over 1.5 million contingencies are simulated on the data from TVA, ERCOT, and PJM to analyze the effectiveness of corrective transmission switching (CTS) with RTCA. The results show that 10%-33% of the contingencies with post- contingency violations would have no violations if a single post-contingency corrective transmission switching action is implemented. Substantial reductions in post-contingency vio- lations are observed on 56%-83% of the cases. The solution time to achieve such results is reasonable for real-time imple- mentation. The computational efficiency is attained by using fast heuristics, explained in Part I, as well as parallel compu- ting. Overall, the results are very promising and suggest that CTS is ripe for industry adoption for the RTCA application. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II de- scribes the EMS data received and presents vanilla contingen- cy analysis results. Regular contingency analysis without CTS is referred to as “vanilla contingency analysis.” Section III presents the results obtained from the RTCA CTS routine for these three systems. A comprehensive discussion of the results is also presented. Section IV presents the computational

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