Smart Communities Internet of Things

📝 Abstract

Today’s cities face many challenges due to population growth, aging population, pedestrian and vehicular traffic congestion, water usage increase, increased electricity demands, crumbling physical infrastructure of buildings, roads, water sewage, power grid, and declining health care services. Moreover, major trends indicate the global urbanization of society, and the associated pressures it brings, will continue to accelerate. One of the approaches to assist in solving some of the challenges is to deploy extensive IT technology. It has been recognized that cyber-technology plays a key role in improving quality of people’s lives, strengthening business and helping government agencies serve citizens better. In this white paper, we discuss the benefits and challenges of cyber-technologies within “Smart Cities”, especially the IoT (Internet of Things) for smart communities, which means considering the benefits and challenges of IoT cyber-technologies on smart cities physical infrastructures and their human stakeholders. To point out the IoT challenges, we will first present the framework within which IoT lives, and then proceed with the challenges, conclusions and recommendations.

💡 Analysis

Today’s cities face many challenges due to population growth, aging population, pedestrian and vehicular traffic congestion, water usage increase, increased electricity demands, crumbling physical infrastructure of buildings, roads, water sewage, power grid, and declining health care services. Moreover, major trends indicate the global urbanization of society, and the associated pressures it brings, will continue to accelerate. One of the approaches to assist in solving some of the challenges is to deploy extensive IT technology. It has been recognized that cyber-technology plays a key role in improving quality of people’s lives, strengthening business and helping government agencies serve citizens better. In this white paper, we discuss the benefits and challenges of cyber-technologies within “Smart Cities”, especially the IoT (Internet of Things) for smart communities, which means considering the benefits and challenges of IoT cyber-technologies on smart cities physical infrastructures and their human stakeholders. To point out the IoT challenges, we will first present the framework within which IoT lives, and then proceed with the challenges, conclusions and recommendations.

📄 Content

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Smart Communities Internet of Things Klara Nahrstedt, Daniel Lopresti, Ben Zorn, Ann W. Drobnis, Beth Mynatt, Shwetak Patel, and Helen V. Wright January 12, 2016 Version 1 Motivation Today’s cities face many challenges due to population growth, aging population, pedestrian and vehicular traffic congestion, water usage increase, increased electricity demands, crumbling physical infrastructure of buildings, roads, water sewage, power grid, and declining health care services [13], [14]. Moreover, major trends indicate the global urbanization of society, and the associated pressures it brings, will continue to accelerate [23]. One of the approaches to assist in solving some of the challenges is to deploy extensive IT technology. It has been recognized that cyber-technology plays a key role in improving quality of people’s lives, strengthening business and helping government agencies serve citizens better.
White Paper Goals In this white paper, we discuss the benefits and challenges of cyber-technologies within “Smart Cities”, especially the IoT (Internet of Things) for smart communities, which means considering the benefits and challenges of IoT cyber-technologies on joint smart cities physical infrastructures and their human stakeholders. To point out the IoT challenges, we will first present the framework within which IoT lives, and then proceed with the challenges, conclusions and recommendations. Relations to Existing Efforts Many “Smart Cities” projects represent the aggregations of such cyber-technologies to assist in solving cities’ challenges and within these cyber-technologies, a major impact area is IoT (Internet of Things) [1, 2]. There are many pilot “Smart Cities” projects underway world-wide, including Barcelona, Chicago [8], Singapore [1], Boston, Beijing [3], Nairobi, and others [6]. For example, the “Smart Nation” project in Singapore aims to enable safer, cleaner and greener urban living, more transport options, better care for the elderly at home, more responsive public services and more opportunities for citizen engagement [1].
There is related work discussed, for example, at the ANSI Smart and Sustainable City Events [15], the IEC SEG 1 – Systems Evaluation Group 1 on smart cities, the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SG 1 – Study group on smart cities, and the ITU-T SG 5 – Focus group on smart and sustainable cities [2]. Related workshops like the ANSI 2013 workshop discuss how to leverage innovations in urban informatics to drive improvements of smart grid, green building, energy and water use, waste management and transportation. Also, standard committees such as the various IEC, ISO, and ITU groups discuss computing

  2   and communication interfaces, platforms and service for interoperability among smart city technologies. Many of the industry-oriented IoT white papers concentrate on smart city applications, for example, smart grid meters, smart transportation [16], smart lights [11], economical benefits and risks analysis of IoT, and market shares of IoT [10, 12] because industrial vendors want to be able to sell a robust solution for the city (e.g., [10, 11, 12, 16]). Major events have arisen to bring together providers and purchasers of IoT technologies (e.g., [24]). Our white paper reflects the views of members of the computer science research community, as distinct from, and complementary to, other groups who are contributing to the development and deployment of smart city technologies. Smart Communities Framework Smart communities are a collection of interdependent human-cyber-physical systems, where IoT represents the sensing and actuating cyber-infrastructure to estimate the state of human and physical systems and assist in adapting/changing these systems. Smart cities are often classified along multiple dimensions:
(1) IoT technological (cyber) workflow dimension including (a) sensory “things” development and deployment, (b) connection of “things”, (c) digital data collection from “things”, (d) processing, aggregation, analytics of correlation of data according to human-physical models and urban domains/applications, (e) comprehension of data and findings, (f) creation of new services and actions, and (g) actuation of “things” to gain new data. The technological workflow represents a full loop of digital data life cycle from data capturing, monitoring, to collection, processing, analysis and feedback to the cyber-system according to physical or human models.
(2) IoT urban domain and application dimension including (a) urban mobility (transportation system), (b) health care, (c) utilities (e.g., smart grid, water, gas), (d) urban living (smart home technologies), (e) public services (incident reporting), (f) safety and security (police, first responders), (g) sustainability.
(3) IoT stakeholders dimension including elected/appointed officials as decision makers to select usage of urban systems and to ensure

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