On Physical Web models
📝 Abstract
The Physical Web is a generic term describes interconnection of physical objects and web. The Physical Web lets present physical objects in a web. There are different ways to do that and we will discuss them in our paper. Usually, the web presentation for a physical object could be implemented with the help of mobile devices. The basic idea behind the Physical Web is to navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding mobile devices with the help of web technologies. Of course, there are different ways to identify and enumerate physical objects. In this paper, we describe the existing models as well as related challenges. In our analysis, we will target objects enumeration and navigation as well as data retrieving and programming for the Physical Web.
💡 Analysis
The Physical Web is a generic term describes interconnection of physical objects and web. The Physical Web lets present physical objects in a web. There are different ways to do that and we will discuss them in our paper. Usually, the web presentation for a physical object could be implemented with the help of mobile devices. The basic idea behind the Physical Web is to navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding mobile devices with the help of web technologies. Of course, there are different ways to identify and enumerate physical objects. In this paper, we describe the existing models as well as related challenges. In our analysis, we will target objects enumeration and navigation as well as data retrieving and programming for the Physical Web.
📄 Content
On Physical Web models
Manfred Sneps-Sneppe
Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre
Ventspils University College
Ventspils, Latvia
manfreds.sneps@gmail.com
Dmitry Namiot
Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Moscow, Russia
dnamiot@gmail.com
Abstract— The Physical Web is a generic term describes
interconnection of physical objects and web. The Physical Web
lets present physical objects in a web. There are different ways to
do that and we will discuss them in our paper. Usually, the web
presentation for a physical object could be implemented with the
help of mobile devices. The basic idea behind the Physical Web is
to navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding
mobile devices with the help of web technologies. Of course, there
are different ways to identify and enumerate physical objects. In
this paper, we describe the existing models as well as related
challenges. In our analysis, we will target objects enumeration
and navigation as well as data retrieving and programming for
the Physical Web.
Keywords—network proximity; Physical Web; Bluetooth; Wi-Fi
I. INTRODUCTION
The Physical Web is a term that describes the process of
presenting everyday objects on Internet [1]. It aims to offer
users the way to perform their daily tasks at using surrounding
objects, as soon as these objects are smart and remotely
controllable. It is the main idea - perform everyday tasks
depending on the surrounding physical objects. For the
physical objects, we should pay attentions to the existence and
the states. Of course, the states of objects (measurements)
could have some history (e.g., time series of measured value).
So, the key moment here is the introduction of some metric
(metrics) for the physical objects. And of course, any
introduced metrics should be measurable. We should suggest
the easy (cheap) way to measure introduced attributes. On
practice, any model for the Physical Web is just a set of metrics
as well as use cases for their deployment. The use cases let us
navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding
mobile devices.
The first question for any metric is the way to enumerate
physical objects. For example, we can mention well-known
QR-codes [2] as a typical example of enumerating. Another
widely used approach here is the deployment of RFID
technology [3], or, more recently, wireless tags [4].
Wireless tags can support standard protocols like Bluetooth
(Bluetooth Low Energy) and Wi-Fi. So, for mobile devices
(mobile users) the detection of tags is actually the detection of
wireless nodes. It solves the above-mentioned problem with the
measurability. And there are two important moments. This
detection could be performed programmatically. The modern
mobile operational systems (iOS, Android) provide application
program interfaces (APIs) for such tasks. Secondly, in this
approach other mobile devices can play a role of the tag too.
For example, a mobile phone could be presented as a Wi-Fi
access point or Bluetooth node in the so-called discoverable
mode (Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Wi-Fi access point on the mobile
The option opens the way for the very interesting line of use cases. If we link (associate) some data with the visibility of such node, data availability will follow to the mobile device. And any movement for the device will cause the movement for data availability too. Think, for example, about some classified data, published by the owner of mobile hot-spot. In this case, the visibility for his announce depends on the current location of the mobile phone. In other words, his announce will be visible for the readers who are currently nearby the author. It can increase the conversion rate in the commercial applications, for example.
In general, this model is so-called network proximity [5].
The network proximity here describes data models based on
the detection of surrounding network nodes.
In this paper, we would like to discuss several approaches
for building mobile computing systems based on the detection
of physical objects via network proximity. The classical
models of interaction with physical objects are a subject of
Internet of Things (Web of Things) [6]. In our paper, we will
mostly discuss the services which could be associated with the
presence of surrounding physical object. The fact that ant
particular object is “visible” for the mobile user can trigger
some actions and/or change the output for mobile services. It is
so-called ambient intelligence (AMI) [7]. AMI is a paradigm
which it aims
multidisciplinary development physical
environments where different electronic objects intelligently
respond to the presence of people [8]. AMI targets the creation
of sensitive, adaptive electronic environments that respond to
the actions of persons and objects and cater for their needs.
AMI approach includes the ent
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