The magnetohydrodynamic instability of current-carrying jets

Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities can be responsible for the formation of structures with various scales in astrophysical jets. We consider the stability properties of jets containing both the azimuthal and axial field of subthermal strength. A magnetic field with complex topology in jets is suggested by theoretical models and is consistent with recent observations. Stability is discussed by means of a linear analysis of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. We argue that in azimuthal and axial magnetic fields the jet is always unstable to non-axisymmetric perturbations. Stabilization does not occur even if the strengths of these field components are comparable. If the axial field is weaker than the azimuthal one, instability occurs for perturbations with any azimuthal wave number $m$, and the growth rate reaches a saturation value for low values of $m$. If the axial field is stronger than the toroidal one, the instability shows for perturbations with relatively high $m$.

💡 Research Summary

The paper investigates the linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of astrophysical jets that contain both an axial (Bz) and a toroidal (Bφ) magnetic field of sub‑thermal strength (plasma β ≫ 1). The authors adopt a highly idealized model: an infinitely long, stationary, cylindrical jet with a uniform axial field and a radially varying toroidal field described by Bφ(s)=Bφ0 ψ(s). The function ψ(s)=xⁿ exp