Wireless Communications and Networking Technologies for Smart Grid: Paradigms and Challenges
📝 Abstract
Smart grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this work we present our vision on smart grid from the perspective of wireless communications and networking technologies. We present wireless communication and networking paradigms for four typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the wireless communication and networking technologies used in smart grid
💡 Analysis
Smart grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this work we present our vision on smart grid from the perspective of wireless communications and networking technologies. We present wireless communication and networking paradigms for four typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the wireless communication and networking technologies used in smart grid
📄 Content
arXiv:1112.1158v1 [cs.NI] 6 Dec 2011 Wireless Communication and Networking Technologies for Smart Grid: Paradigms and Challenges Xi Fang, Student Member, IEEE, Dejun Yang, Student Member, IEEE, and Guoliang Xue, Fellow, IEEE Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Abstract—Smart grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this work we present our vision on smart grid from the perspective of wireless communications and networking technologies. We present wireless communication and networking paradigms for four typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the wireless communication and networking technologies used in smart grid. Index Terms—Smart grid, wireless communications, wireless networking, smart home, microgrid, vehicle-to-grid, paradigm, challenge, vision I. INTRODUCTION The term grid is traditionally used for an electricity de- livery system that may support all or some of the following four operations: electricity generation, electricity transmission, electricity distribution, and electricity control [1]. By using two-way flows of electricity and information, smart grid, an enhancement of the traditional power grid, attempts to create an automated, distributed, and advanced energy delivery network. This enhanced grid is expected to provide distributed power generation, self-monitoring, self- healing, adaptive and islanding microgrid, pervasive control, and various customer choices. In order to realize these functions, an advanced information and communication system underlying the smart grid will play a critical role. For example, in the peak period, the electric utility notifies the users the real-time price so as to convince them to reduce their power demands. Therefore, the total de- mand profile full of peaks can be shaped to a nicely smoothed demand profile. This can help electric utility reduce overall plant and capital cost requirements. In order to realize this, an information communication network, which can guarantee the realtime price notification, is required. Another example is that to realize grid self-healing requires a widely deployed monitoring system. The grid status information obtained by this monitoring system should be sent to the controller in a timely manner. Suppose that a medium voltage transformer failure event occurs in the smart grid. This failure can be detected by the monitoring system and then reported to the controller promptly. Therefore, the smart grid automatically changes the power flow and recovers the power delivery service. In this article, we focus on the wireless communication and networking technologies, which may be used in the future smart grid. Although Xi et al. [1] did a comprehensive survey on the smart grid, in this work we will refine the exploration of smart grid and present our vision for smart grid from the perspective of wireless communication and networking technologies. We present four wireless communication and networking paradigms for typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the communication and networking technologies used in the smart grid. The rest of this article is organized as follows. In Section II, we overview the basic concept of the smart grid. Then, we vision the wireless communication and networking paradigms for four important scenarios in Section III and describe some research challenges in Section IV. Finally, we conclude this article in Section V. II. OVERVIEW OF SMART GRID A traditional power grid is unidirectional in nature. Fig.1 shows an example of the traditional power grid. Electricity is usually generated at central power plants by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by the force of flowing water or heat engines fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission. These power generating plants are often quite large and located away from heavily populated areas. The electric power generated by these plants is stepped up to a higher voltage for transmission on a transmission grid. The transmission grid moves the power over long distances to substations. Upon arrival at the substation, the power is stepped down to a distribution level voltage. As the power exits the substation, it enters the distribution grid. Finally, upon arrival at the service location, the power is stepped down again from the distribution voltage to the required service voltage(s). Substation step down transformer Transmission grid Distribution grid Generating step up transformer Residential user Commerial user Nuclear plant Coal plant Hydropower plant transform Power generation Nuclear pla Fig. 1. An Example of the Traditional Power Grid 2 Residential user Commerial user Nuclear plant Coal plant Hydropower plant uclear pla Solar farm Windpower plant Solar panel Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Electric cars Fig. 2. An Example of
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