Small simple impact craters

desert winds. In the right panel of Fig. 1, we can see the result of processing to enhance details and adjust contrast and brightness, as made in Ref. [4,5]. Another beautiful crater is Veevers (see Fig. 2), in Australia. Veevers crater is located on a flat desert plain and the site is very remote and difficult to reach. Discovered in July 1989 and named in honour of J.J. Veevers, its impact origin was confirmed in 1990 [9]. The smallest crater in Table I is the Haviland Crater. Also called the Brenham Crater, it is a meteorite crater in Kiowa County, Kansas [10]. The oval-shaped crater is roughly 15 meters. Its age is estimated to be less than 1000 years, placing it in the Holocene. It is very small in a wellpreserved green meadow, quite interesting to observed with Google Maps, because it is surrounded by tilled fields. The left panel of the figure is showing as the crater appears in the map. In the middle, the same image after processing. Note the improvement of the ejecta blanket visibility after processing. Let us conclude with the processing of an interesting underwater structure, with the size of a small crater, located on the coast-line of Sudan, see Fig. 4. The presence of this object was observed during the survey in preparing Ref. 5. In fact, the shape seems that of a bowl, which is bright inside for a sedimentation of sand. To the author's knowledge, this could be the first example of a small crater in shallow waters. The existence of such craters seems to be possible, because the mechanism for their formation is the same for craters in air. It is interesting to note that under certain conditions, an underwater crater can be observed within the optical range detection too. In fact, the image processing is able to highly increase the details of impact structures, but, only a direct inspection can tell whether this is a true impact crater or not. In any case, the examples we discussed demonstrate that the database of small craters and related imagery can be greatly improved using the inspection of satellite maps combined with image processing methods.

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