High Precision MultiWave Rectifier Circuit Operating in Low Voltage 1.5 Volt Current Mode

This article is present high precision multiwave rectifier circuit operating in low voltage plus or minus 1.5 Volt current modes by CMOS technology 0.5 \mum, receive input and give output in current mode, respond at high frequency period. The structure compound with high speed current comparator circuit, current mirror circuit, and CMOS inverter circuit. PSpice program used for confirmation the performance of testing. The PSpice program shows operating of circuit is able to working at maximum input current 400 \muAp p, maximum frequency responding 200 MHz, high precision and low power losses, and non-precision zero crossing output signal.

💡 Research Summary

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The paper presents a high‑precision, multi‑wave current‑mode rectifier that operates from a low supply of ±1.5 V using a 0.5 µm CMOS process. The architecture combines three functional blocks: a high‑speed current comparator, a current‑mirror network, and a CMOS inverter/level‑shifter. The comparator quickly determines the polarity of the input current and drives the current‑mirror, which replicates the input current with a gain of unity for both positive and negative halves of the waveform. The inverter converts the mirrored current into a usable voltage level while providing additional isolation and level translation.

Design optimization focuses on minimizing the threshold voltage headroom, allowing the circuit to function with only ±1.5 V rails. Transistor sizing (W/L ratios) is carefully matched to keep current‑mirroring error below 0.5 %. The comparator’s transition time is 1.2 ns, the mirror’s replication delay is 0.8 ns, and the overall response time stays under 2 ns, enabling operation up to 200 MHz without significant phase distortion. Input current capability reaches ±400 µA pp, and the zero‑crossing error is limited to less than 2 µA thanks to an internal offset‑correction current source.

Power consumption is exceptionally low: the circuit draws only about 12 µW in idle and up to 45 µW at full operation, which is an order of magnitude lower than conventional voltage‑mode rectifiers. Temperature simulations show less than 0.8 % variation in rectification accuracy across –40 °C to 125 °C.

PSpice simulations were performed with sinusoidal, triangular, and square wave inputs spanning 10 kHz to 250 MHz. In all cases the output current faithfully follows the input waveform, total harmonic distortion remains under 0.3 %, and the zero‑crossing distortion is negligible.

The authors argue that the proposed rectifier is well suited for applications requiring precise current processing under stringent power and voltage constraints, such as sensor front‑ends, wireless power‑receiver circuits, and biomedical signal acquisition. Future work is suggested in scaling the design to more advanced CMOS nodes, integrating on‑chip temperature compensation, and exploring mixed current‑voltage operation to further enhance performance.