QoS Provisioning Using Hybrid FSO RF Based Hierarchical Model for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
📝 Abstract
Our objective is to provide guaranteed packet delivery service in time constrained sensor networks. The wireless network is a highly variable environment, where available link bandwidth may vary with network load. Since multimedia applications require higher bandwidth so we use FSO links for their transmission. The main advantage of FSO links is that they offer higher bandwidth and security, while RF links offer more reliability. The routing in this multitier network is based on directional geographic routing protocol, in which sensors route their data via multihop paths, to a powerful base station, through a cluster head. Some modifications have also been incorporated in the MAC layer to improve the QoS of such systems.
💡 Analysis
Our objective is to provide guaranteed packet delivery service in time constrained sensor networks. The wireless network is a highly variable environment, where available link bandwidth may vary with network load. Since multimedia applications require higher bandwidth so we use FSO links for their transmission. The main advantage of FSO links is that they offer higher bandwidth and security, while RF links offer more reliability. The routing in this multitier network is based on directional geographic routing protocol, in which sensors route their data via multihop paths, to a powerful base station, through a cluster head. Some modifications have also been incorporated in the MAC layer to improve the QoS of such systems.
📄 Content
QoS Provisioning Using Hybrid FSO-RF Based Hierarchical Model for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
Saad Ahmad Khan , Sheheryar Ali Arshad
Department of Electrical Engineering, University Of Engineering & Technology, Lahore Pakistan, 54890
Email: saad.ahmad@uet.edu.pk; s.ali@uet.edu.pk
Abstract- Our objective is to provide guaranteed packet delivery service in time constrained sensor networks. The wireless network is a highly variable environment, where available link bandwidth may vary with network load. Since multimedia applications require higher bandwidth so we use FSO links for their transmission. The main advantage of FSO links is that they offer higher bandwidth and security, while RF links offer more reliability. The routing in this multi-tier network is based on directional geographic routing protocol, in which sensors route their data via multi-hop paths, to a powerful base station, through a cluster head. Some modifications have also been incorporated in the MAC layer to improve the QoS of such systems.
Index Terms — Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks; Visual Sensor Network; Hybrid RF-FSO; QoS Provisioning; Hierarchical Sensor Network Model .
I. INTRODUCTION
RECENT advancement in field of sensor networks show that
there has been increased interest in the development
multimedia sensor network which consists of sensor nodes
that can communicate via free space optics (FSO) or RF. A
wireless multimedia sensor network typically consists of two
types of sensor nodes. One of these acts as data sensing nodes
with sensors like acoustic sensors or seismic sensors etc. The
other nodes are the video sensor nodes which capture videos
of event of interest.
Multimedia contents, especially video streams, require
transmission bandwidth that is orders of magnitude higher
than that supported by current off-the-shelf sensors. Hence,
high data rate and low-power, consumption-transmission
techniques must be leveraged. In this respect, free space optics
seems particularly promising for multimedia applications.
FSO refers to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared
(IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain broadband
communications over distances of several kilometers. The
main limitation of FSO is the requirement that a direct line-of-
sight path exist between a sender and a receiver. However
FSO networks offer several unique advantages over RF
networks. These include the fact that FSO avoids interference
with existing RF communications infrastructure [1], is cheaply
deployed since there is no government licensing of scarce
spectrum required, is not susceptible to “jamming” attacks,
and provides a convenient bridge between the sensor network
and the nearest optical fiber. In addition, “well-designed” FSO
systems are eye safe, consumes less power and yields smaller
sized nodes because a simple baseband analog and digital
circuitry is required, in contrast to RF communication. More
importantly, FSO networks enable high bandwidth burst
traffic which makes it possible to support multimedia sensor
networks [1].
Class
Application
Bandwidth
(b/s)
Delay
bound
(ms)
Loss
Rate
Non-real
time
variable bit
rate
Digital
Video
1M – 10M
Large
10-6
Available
Bit Rate
Web
Browsing
1M - 10M
Large
10-8
Unspecified
Bit Rate
File Transfer
1M - 10M
Large
10-8
Constant Bit
Rate
Voice
32 k – 2M
30-60
10-2
Real
time
Variable Bit
Rate
Video
Conference
128k - 6M
40-90
10-3
Table 1 Typical QoS requirements for several service classes
II. RELATED WORK
Inherently a multi-path protocol with QoS measurements and
a good fit for routing of multimedia streams in WSN. Multi-
flow Real-time Transport Protocol (MRTP) [2] is suited for
real-time streaming of multimedia content by splitting packets
over different flows. However, MRTP does not specifically
address energy efficiency considerations in WMSNs. In [3], a
wakeup scheme is proposed to balance the energy and delay
constraints.
In [4], the interesting feature of the proposed protocol is to
establish multiple paths (optimal and suboptimal) with
different energy metrics and assigned probabilities. In [5], a
Multi-Path and Multi-SPEED routing protocol is proposed for
WSN to provide QoS differentiation in timeliness and
reliability.
In [6], an application admission control algorithm is
proposed whose objective is to maximize the network lifetime
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
Vol. 4, No. 1 & 2, 2009
ISSN 1947 5500
subject to bandwidth and reliability constraints of the application. An application admission control method is proposed in [7], which determines admissions based on the added energy load and application rewards. While these approaches address application level QoS considerations, they fail to consider multiple QoS requirements (e.g., delay, reliability, and energy consumption)
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