The many similarities between the prompt emission pulses in gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flares during the fast decay and afterglow phases of GRBs suggest a common origin. In the cannonball (CB) model of GRBs, this common origin is mass accretio
Galles and Pearl claimed that 'for recursive models, the causal model framework does not add any restrictions to counterfactuals, beyond those imposed by Lewis's [possible-worlds] framework.' This claim is examined carefully, with the goal of clarify
The big strides seen in generative AI are not based on somewhat obscure algorithms, but due to clearly defined generative principles. The resulting concrete implementations have proven themselves in large numbers of applications. We suggest that it i
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong generalization across tasks in high-resource languages; however, their linguistic competence in low-resource and morphologically rich languages such as Tamil remains largely unexplored. Existing multilin
We study a competitive nonlinear Schrödinger system in mathbb{R}^N whose nonlinear potential is localized in small regions that shrink to isolated points. Within a variational framework based on a fully sign-changing Nehari constraint and Krasnosel
The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey (GASS) is a survey of Galactic atomic hydrogen (HI) emission in the Southern sky covering declinations delta leq 1^{circ} using the Parkes Radio Telescope. The survey covers 2pi steradians with an effective angu
Formal, automated theorem proving has long been viewed as a challenge to artificial intelligence. We introduce here a new approach to computer theorem proving, one that employs specialized language models for Lean4 proof generation combined with recu
We report on the discovery of a planetary system with a close-in transiting hot Jupiter on a near circular orbit and a massive outer planet on a highly eccentric orbit. The inner planet, HAT-P-13b, transits the bright V=10.622 G4 dwarf star GSC 3416-
We obtained Hubble STIS spectra of three nova-like variables: V751 Cygni, V380 Oph, and - the only confirmed nova-like variable known to be below the period gap - BK Lyn. In all three systems, the spectra were taken during high optical brightness sta
In multi-vehicle cooperative driving tasks involving high-frequency continuous control, traditional state-based reward functions suffer from the issue of vanishing reward differences. This phenomenon results in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for p
The k-space polarization structure and its strain response in SrTiO3 with rotational instability are studied using a combination of first-principles density functional calculations, modern theory of polarization, and analytic Wannier-function formula
Mapping forest AGB (Above Ground Biomass) is of crucial importance to estimate the carbon emissions associated with tropical deforestation. This study proposes a method to overcome the saturation at high AGB values of existing AGB map (Vieilledent's
In the following paper we present an internal shocks model, iShocks, for simulating a variety of relativistic jet scenarios; these scenarios can range from a single ejection event to an almost continuous jet, and are highly user configurable. Althoug
We analyze independent policy-gradient (PG) learning in N -player linear-quadratic (LQ) stochastic differential games. Each player employs a distributed policy that depends only on its own state and updates the policy independently using the gradien
The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the refinement proce
We develop a transparent and fully auditable LLM-based pipeline for macro-financial stress testing, combining structured prompting with optional retrieval of country fundamentals and news. The system generates machine-readable macroeconomic scenarios
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is constrained by two core design bottlenecks: dense reward engineering and curriculum design. Handcrafted rewards often misalign with global objectives, while static curricula fail to prevent age
Automated vulnerability patching is crucial for software security, and recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) present promising capabilities for automating this task. However, existing research has primarily assessed LLMs using publicly
Large Language Models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources, making model compression essential for efficient deployment in constrained environments. Among the dominant compression techniques: knowledge distillation, structured pruning,
The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises critical concerns regarding the unauthorized inclusion of copyrighted content in training data. Existing detection frameworks, such as DE-COP, are computationally intensive, and largely inacce
Robots often fail at everyday tasks because instructions skip commonsense details like hidden preconditions and small subgoals. Traditional symbolic planners need these details to be written explicitly, which is time consuming and often incomplete. I
A long plateau phase and an amazing brightness have been observed in the Xray afterglow of GRB 060729. This peculiar light curve is likely due to long-term energy injection in external shock. Here we present a detailed numerical study on the energy i
ARGO-YBJ is an air shower detector array with a fully covered layer of resistive plate chambers. It is operated with a high duty cycle and a large field of view. It continuously monitors the northern sky at energies above 0.3 TeV. In this paper, we r
Lossy transmission over a relay channel in which the relay has access to correlated side information is considered. First, a joint source-channel decode-and-forward scheme is proposed for general discrete memoryless sources and channels. Then the Gau
Testing RESTful API is increasingly important in quality assurance of cloud-native applications. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated that various testing activities can be performed automatically by large language mo
Random Boolean networks (RBNs) have been a popular model of genetic regulatory networks for more than four decades. However, most RBN studies have been made with random topologies, while real regulatory networks have been found to be modular. In this
We present new JHK spectroscopy (R ~ 5000) of GQ Lup b, acquired with the near-infrared integral field spectrograph NIFS and the adaptive optics system ALTAIR at the Gemini North telescope. Angular differential imaging was used in the J and H bands t
Standpoint logics offer unified modal logic-based formalisms for representing multiple heterogeneous viewpoints. At the same time, many non-monotonic reasoning frameworks can be naturally captured using modal logics, in particular using the modal log
We study the existence of solutions of the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation -Δu+V(x)u-frac{(N-2)^2}{4 x ^2}u=f(x,u) where V:mathbb{R}^Ntomathbb{R} and f:mathbb{R}^Ntimes mathbb{R}to mathbb{R} are periodic with respect to xinmathbb{
We report on the observation of gamma -rays above 25,GeV from the Crab pulsar (PSR B0532+21) using the MAGIC I telescope. Two data sets from observations during the winter period 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 are used. In order to discuss the spectral sha
For a permutation matrix P , let s_P denote its Stanley-Wilf limit, the exponential growth rate of the number of ntimes n permutation matrices avoiding P . Let c_P denote its Füredi-Hajnal limit, which is the limit displaystyle lim_{n to inf
Using flag algebras, we prove that the minimum density of 8 -cliques in a large graph without an independent set of size 3 is 491411/268435456+o(1) , thus resolving a new case of an old problem of Erdős [Magyar Tud. Akad. Mat. Kutató Int. Közl. 7
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding for a multitude of equal-capacity channels is studied. First, based on numerous observations, a conjecture is stated that when the belief propagation decoder converges on a set of equal-capacity channels, it wou
This paper is purely expositional. The statement of the Kuratowski graph planarity criterion is simple and well-known. However, its classical proof is not easy. In this paper we present the Makarychev proof (with further simplifications by Prasolov,
Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) aims to enable detectors to generalize across categories by leveraging semantic information. Although existing methods are pretrained on large vision-language datasets, their inference is still limited to fixed
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is essential for decoding tumor heterogeneity. However, pan-cancer research still faces two key challenges: learning discriminative and efficient single-cell representations, and establishing a comprehensive eva
Boolean networks have long been used as models of molecular networks and play an increasingly important role in systems biology. This paper describes a software package, Polynome, offered as a web service, that helps users construct Boolean network m
In this study, we introduce general frame of MAny Connected Intelligent Particles Systems (MACIPS). Connections and interconnections between particles get a complex behavior of such merely simple system (system in system).Contribution of natural comp
We report on observations of several transit events of the transiting planet TrES-2 obtained with the Cassegrain-Teleskop-Kamera at the University Observatory Jena. Between March 2007 and November 2008 ten different transits and almost a complete orb
Completed in May 2008, the ANTARES neutrino telescope is located 40 km off the coast of Toulon, at a depth of about 2500 m. The telescope consists of 12 detect or lines housing a total of 884 optical modules. Each line is anchored to the seabed and p
Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in scientific domains like mathematics and physics poses unique challenges that go far beyond predicting final answers. These domains demand conceptual understanding, symbolic reasoning, and adherence to forma
One of the greatest achievements of Greek mathematics is the proof that the square root of 2 is irrational. It has not been thought that the Babylonians appreciated the concept of irrationality and certainly that they did not prove that the square ro
In this paper, we describe randomized Shellsort--a simple, randomized, data-oblivious version of the Shellsort algorithm that always runs in O(n log n) time and, as we show, succeeds in sorting any given input permutation with very high probability.
The paper titled ''Global gridded population datasets systematically underrepresent rural population'' by Josias Láng-Ritter et al. provides a valuable contribution to the discourse on the accuracy of global population datasets, particularly in rural
In the recent years, the discovery of a new class of Galactic transients with fast and bright flaring X-ray activity, the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients, has completely changed our view and comprehension of massive X-ray binaries. These objects dis
We report about the search for short-term variability in the high-energy gamma-ray energy band of three flat-spectrum radio quasars (3C 454.3, 3C 273, PKS B1222+216), whose flux at E > 100 MeV exceeded the value of 10^-5 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for at least on
The individualization-refinement paradigm for computing a canonical labeling and the automorphism group of a graph is investigated. A new algorithmic design aimed at reducing the size of the associated search space is introduced, and a new tool, name
The H.E.S.S. experiment, an array of four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, observes the Galactic Centre (GC) region in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) domain since 2003. The GC is believed to be the region with the highest Dark Matte
Network coding permits to deploy distributed packet delivery algorithms that locally adapt to the network availability in media streaming applications. However, it may also increase delay and computational complexity if it is not implemented efficien
The intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lac object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi-LAT and VERITAS observatories in October 2008. These data and follow-up observations at other wavelengths create a rich sample of light curves and a c
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