The spectrum of an isotropic extragalactic gamma -ray background (EGB) has been measured by the Fermi-LAT telescope at high latitudes. Two new models for the EGB are derived from the subtraction of unresolved point sources and extragalactic diffuse
The exponential growth of scientific knowledge has created significant barriers to cross-disciplinary knowledge discovery, synthesis and research collaboration. In response to this challenge, we present BioSage, a novel compound AI architecture that
Optimizing CUDA kernels is a challenging and labor-intensive task, given the need for hardware-software co-design expertise and the proprietary nature of high-performance kernel libraries. While recent large language models (LLMs) combined with evolu
There are two main approximations of mining big data in memory. One is to partition a big dataset to several subsets, so as to mine each subset in memory. By this way, global patterns can be obtained by synthesizing all local patterns discovered from
Crowdsourced software development (CSD) offers a series of specified tasks to a large crowd of trustworthy software workers. Topcoder is a leading platform to manage the whole process of CSD. While increasingly accepted as a realistic option for soft
Guardrail models are essential for ensuring the safety of Large Language Model (LLM) deployments, but processing full multi-turn conversation histories incurs significant computational cost. We propose Defensive M2S, a training paradigm that fine-tun
Recently, In [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 018701 (2010)] the authors studied a spatial network which is constructed from a regular lattice by adding long-range edges (shortcuts) with probability P_{ij}sim r_{ij}^{-alpha} , where r_{ij} is the Manhattan
In literature, several approaches are trying to make the UAVs fly autonomously i.e., by extracting perspective cues such as straight lines. However, it is only available in well-defined human made environments, in addition to many other cues which re
In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of two-stage classification strategies in detecting north Atlantic right whale upcalls. Time-frequency measurements of data from passive acoustic monitoring devices are evaluated as images. Vocalization
With the increasing rate of power consumption, many new distribution systems need to be constructed to accommodate connecting the new consumers to the power grid. On the other hand, the increasing penetration of renewable distributed generation (DG)
We introduce DinoLizer, a DINOv2-based model for localizing manipulated regions in generative inpainting. Our method builds on a DINOv2 model pretrained to detect synthetic images on the B-Free dataset. We add a linear classification head on top of t
Observations of high redshift galaxies have revealed a multitude of large clumpy rapidly star-forming galaxies. Their formation scenario and their link to present day spirals is still unknown. In this Letter we perform adaptive mesh refinement simula
Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years. This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system's functioning. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fu
Motivated by streaming applications with stringent delay constraints, we consider the design of online network coding algorithms with timely delivery guarantees. Assuming that the sender is providing the same data to multiple receivers over independe
Collaborative sensemaking requires that analysts share their information and insights with each other, but this process of sharing runs the risks of prematurely focusing the investigation on specific suspects. To address this tension, we propose and
Nonlinear plant-scale interactions controlling the soil-water balance are generally not valid at larger spatial scales due to spatial heterogeneity in rainfall and vegetation type. The relationships between spatially averaged variables are hysteretic
Current Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulations require algorithms that are highly parallelized and manage memory efficiently. As compute engines grow larger, AMR simulations will require algorithms that achieve new levels of efficient paralleliza
A binary 1-error-correcting code can always be embedded in a 1-perfect code of some larger length
The physics of matter in the condensed state is concerned with problems in which the number of constituent particles is vastly greater than can be easily comprehended. The inherent physical limitations of the human mind are fundamental and restrict t
Intracellular transport is an essential function in eucaryotic cells, facilitated by motor proteins - proteins converting chemical energy into kinetic energy. It is known that motor proteins work in teams enabling unidirectional and bidirectional tra
Does the energy requirements for the human brain give energy constraints that give reason to doubt the feasibility of artificial intelligence? This report will review some relevant estimates of brain bioenergetics and analyze some of the methods of e
The energy spectrum of the primary cosmic radiation in the energy range 1 - 100 PeV and the extensive air shower (EAS) characteristics obtained on the basis of the expanded data bank of the GAMMA experiment (Mt. Aragats, Armenia) are presented. With
We report large enhancement of thermally injected spin current in normal metal (NM)/antiferromagnet(AF)/yttrium iron garnet(YIG), where a thin AF insulating layer of NiO or CoO can enhance spin current from YIG to a NM by up to a factor of 10. The sp
Ahmad et al. recently presented an NMR-based model for a bacterial DnaJ J domain:DnaK(Hsp70):ADP complex(1) that differs significantly from the crystal structure of a disulfide linked mammalian auxilin J domain:Hsc70 complex that we previously publis
Machine learning models trained on real-world data may inadvertently make biased predictions that negatively impact marginalized communities. Reweighting is a method that can mitigate such bias in model predictions by assigning a weight to each data
The time taken for gene expression varies not least because proteins vary in length considerably. This paper uses an abstract, tuneable Boolean regulatory network model to explore gene expression time variation. In particular, it is shown how non-uni
Accurate and interpretable gait analysis plays a crucial role in the early detection of Parkinsons disease (PD),yet most existing approaches remain limited by single-modality inputs, low robustness, and a lack of clinical transparency. This paper pre
Private macOS frameworks underpin critical services and daemons but remain undocumented and distributed only as stripped binaries, complicating security analysis. We present MOTIF, an agentic framework that integrates tool-augmented analysis with a f
We extend the Eckart theorem, from the ground state to excited statew, which introduces an energy augmentation to the variation criterion for excited states. It is shown that the energy of a very good excited state trial function can be slightly lowe
This paper focuses on pattern matching in the DNA sequence. It was inspired by a previously reported method that proposes encoding both pattern and sequence using prime numbers. Although fast, the method is limited to rather small pattern lengths, du
We demonstrate, for the first time, a secure optical network architecture that combines NFV orchestration and SDN control with quantum key distribution (QKD) technology. A novel time-shared QKD network design is presented as a cost-effective solution
Despite frequent calls for the overhaul of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), this controversial procedure remains ubiquitous in behavioral, social and biomedical teaching and research. Little change seems possible once the procedure become
In this review I discuss the characteristics and the formation of all classes of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). The main focus is on the stellar astrophysics of X-ray binaries leading to the production of fully recycled MSPs with white dwarf (WD) or sub
It is a common practice to fix a vertical gnomon and study the moving shadow cast by it. This shows our local solar time and gives us a hint regarding the season in which we perform the observation. The moving shadow can also tell us our latitude wit
The current paper is a corrected version of our previous paper arXiv:adap-org/9608001. Similarly to previous version we investigate the problem of flame propagation. This problem is studied as an example of unstable fronts that wrinkle on many scales
With the need for flexible and on-demand decision support, Dynamic Data Warehouses (DDW) provide benefits over traditional data warehouses due to their dynamic characteristics in structuring and access mechanism. A DDW is a data framework that accomm
We overview high-energy neutrinos from galactic sources, transparent to their gamma-ray emission. We focus on young supernova remnants and in particular on RX J1713.7-3946, discussing expectations and upper bounds. We also consider the possibility to
The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi LAT) provides long term systematic monitoring observations of the gamma-ray emission from blazars. The variability properties and the correlation with other wavelength bands are important clues for the evaluation
This paper describes a new approach to the problem of generating the class of all geodetic graphs homeomorphic to a given geodetic one. An algorithmic procedure is elaborated to carry out a systematic finding of such a class of graphs. As a result, t
Respiratory sound classification is hindered by the limited size, high noise levels, and severe class imbalance of benchmark datasets like ICBHI 2017. While Transformer-based models offer powerful feature extraction capabilities, they are prone to ov
This paper analyzes the merits and demerits of global weak-indication self-timed function blocks versus local weak-indication self-timed function blocks, implemented using a delay-insensitive data code and adhering to 4-phase return-to-zero handshaki
As uptake among researchers is constantly increasing, social media are finding their way into scholarly communication and, under the umbrella term altmetrics, were introduced to research evaluation. Fueled by technological possibilities and an increa
Grasping an object is a matter of first moving a prehensile organ at some position in the world, and then managing the contact relationship between the prehensile organ and the object. Once the contact relationship has been established and made stabl
If dark matter self-annihilates then it may produce an observable signal when its density is high. The details depend on the intrinsic properties of dark matter and how it clusters in space. For example, the density profile of some dark matter candid
Einstein-matter theories in which hairy black-hole configurations have been found are studied. We prove that the nontrivial behavior of the hair must extend beyond the null circular orbit (the photonsphere) of the corresponding spacetime. We further
Accurate calculations for the ground state of the molecular ions He _2^{3+} and HeH ^{2+} placed in a strong magnetic field Bgtrsim 10^{2} a.u. ( approx 2.35 times 10^{11} G) using the Lagrange-mesh method are presented. The Born-Oppenheimer appr
The Variable Sized Bin Packing Problem has a wide range of application areas including packing, scheduling, and manufacturing. Given a list of items and variable sized bin types, the objective is to minimize the total size of the used bins. This prob
HoPLLS (Hierarchy of protein loop-lock structures) (http://leah.haifa.ac.il/~skogan/Apache/mydata1/main.html) is a web server that identifies closed loops - a structural basis for protein domain hierarchy. The server is based on the loop-and-lock the
Transformer terminal equivalents obtained via admittance measurements are suitable for simulating high-frequency transient interaction between the transformer and the network. This paper augments the terminal equivalent approach with a measurement-ba
Superconductivity in the recently proposed ground-state structures of atomic metallic hydrogen is investigated over the pressure range 500 GPa to 3.5 TPa. Near molecular dissociation, the electron--phonon coupling lambda and renormalized Coulomb re
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