All posts under category "Computer Science / Data Structures"
Wallace has proposed a new class of pseudo-random generators for normal variates. These generators do not require a stream of uniform pseudo-random numbers, except for initialisation. The inner loops are essentially matrix-vector multiplications and are very suitable for implementation on vector pro
We study competitive equilibria in the classic Shapley-Shubik assignment model with indivisible goods and unit-demand buyers, with budget constraints: buyers can specify a maximum price they are willing to pay for each item, beyond which they cannot afford the item. This single discontinuity introdu
Let $G$ be a finite abelian group $G$ with $N$ elements. In this paper we give a O(N) time algorithm for computing a basis of $G$. Furthermore, we obtain an algorithm for computing a basis from a generating system of $G$ with $M$ elements having time complexity $O(Msum_{p|N} e(p)lceil p^{1/2}rceil^{
Detecting clusters or communities in large real-world graphs such as large social or information networks is a problem of considerable interest. In practice, one typically chooses an objective function that captures the intuition of a network cluster as set of nodes with better internal connectivity
This Report updates the tables of factorizations of a^n +- 1 for 13 < a < 100, previously published as CWI Report NM-R9212 (June 1992) and updated in CWI Report NM-R9419 (Update 1, September 1994) and CWI Report NM-R9609 (Update 2, March 1996). A total of 951 new entries in the tables are given here
Constraint programming (CP) has been used with great success to tackle a wide variety of constraint satisfaction problems which are computationally intractable in general. Global constraints are one of the important factors behind the success of CP. In this paper, we study a new global constraint, t
We study a directed flipping process that underlies the performance of the random edge simplex algorithm. In this stochastic process, which takes place on a one-dimensional lattice whose sites may be either occupied or vacant, occupied sites become vacant at a constant rate and simultaneously cause
The Lin-Kernighan heuristic is known to be one of the most successful heuristics for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It has also proven its efficiency in application to some other problems. In this paper we discuss possible adaptations of TSP heuristics for the Generalized Traveling Salesman P
In this paper, we show a connection between a certain online low-congestion routing problem and an online prediction of graph labeling. More specifically, we prove that if there exists a routing scheme that guarantees a congestion of $alpha$ on any edge, there exists an online prediction algorithm w
In this paper, we present a new routing paradigm that generalizes opportunistic routing in wireless mesh networks. In multirate anypath routing, each node uses both a set of next hops and a selected transmission rate to reach a destination. Using this rate, a packet is broadcast to the nodes in the
The classical Feedback Vertex Set problem asks, for a given undirected graph G and an integer k, to find a set of at most k vertices that hits all the cycles in the graph G. Feedback Vertex Set has attracted a large amount of research in the parameterized setting, and subsequent kernelization and fi
When a store sells items to customers, the store wishes to determine the prices of the items to maximize its profit. Intuitively, if the store sells the items with low (resp. high) prices, the customers buy more (resp. less) items, which provides less profit to the store. So it would be hard for the
The problem of estimating the pth moment F_p (p nonnegative and real) in data streams is as follows. There is a vector x which starts at 0, and many updates of the form x_i <-- x_i + v come sequentially in a stream. The algorithm also receives an error parameter 0 < eps < 1. The goal is then to outp
In this paper, we consider the generalized min-sum set cover problem, introduced by Azar, Gamzu, and Yin. Bansal, Gupta, and Krishnaswamy give a 485-approximation algorithm for the problem. We are able to alter their algorithm and analysis to obtain a 28-approximation algorithm, improving the perfor
In the problem {sc Min-DESC}, we are given a digraph $D$ and an integer $k$, and asked if there exists a set $A'$ of at most $k$ arcs in $D$, such that if we remove the arcs of $A'$, in the resulting digraph every strong component is Eulerian. {sc Min-DESC} is NP-hard; Cechl'{a}rov'{a} and Schlotter
Let $xi$ be a random integer vector, having uniform distribution [mathbf{P} {xi = (i_1,i_2,...,i_n) = 1/n^n } hbox{for} 1 leq i_1,i_2,...,i_nleq n.] A realization $(i_1,i_2,...,i_n)$ of $xi$ is called textit{good}, if its elements are different. We present algorithms textsc{Linear}, textsc{Backwar
Let ${cal V}$ be a finite set of $n$ elements and ${cal F}={X_1,X_2, >..., X_m}$ a family of $m$ subsets of ${cal V}.$ Two sets $X_i$ and $X_j$ of ${cal F}$ overlap if $X_i cap X_j neq emptyset,$ $X_j setminus X_i neq emptyset,$ and $X_i setminus X_j neq emptyset.$ Two sets $X,Yin {cal F}$ are in th
We present an algorithm for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem on instances which satisfy the triangle inequality. Like several existing algorithms, it achieves approximation ratio O(log n). Unlike previous algorithms, it uses randomized rounding.
An out-tree $T$ is an oriented tree with only one vertex of in-degree zero. A vertex $x$ of $T$ is internal if its out-degree is positive. We design randomized and deterministic algorithms for deciding whether an input digraph contains a given out-tree with $k$ vertices. The algorithms are of runtim
The problem of biclustering consists of the simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of a matrix such that each of the submatrices induced by a pair of row and column clusters is as uniform as possible. In this paper we approximate the optimal biclustering by applying one-way clustering algorithm
Operators of online social networks are increasingly sharing potentially sensitive information about users and their relationships with advertisers, application developers, and data-mining researchers. Privacy is typically protected by anonymization, i.e., removing names, addresses, etc. We presen
This paper gives the first separation of quantum and classical pure (i.e., non-cryptographic) computing abilities with no restriction on the amount of available computing resources, by considering the exact solvability of a celebrated unsolvable problem in classical distributed computing, the ``lead
These are the lecture notes for the DIMACS Tutorial 'Limits of Approximation Algorithms: PCPs and Unique Games' held at the DIMACS Center, CoRE Building, Rutgers University on 20-21 July, 2009. This tutorial was jointly sponsored by the DIMACS Special Focus on Hardness of Approximation, the DIMACS S
The Metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard optimization problem. The double-tree shortcutting method for Metric TSP yields an exponentially-sized space of TSP tours, each of which approximates the optimal solution within at most a factor of 2. We consider the problem of findi
We present an $O^*(1.0919^n)$-time algorithm for finding a maximum independent set in an $n$-vertex graph with degree bounded by 3, which improves the previously known algorithm of running time $O^*(1.0977^n)$ by Bourgeois, Escoffier and Paschos [IWPEC 2008]. We also present an $O^*(1.1923^k)$-time
We focus on the average-case analysis: A function w : V -> Z+ is given which defines the likelihood for a node to be the one marked, and we want the strategy that minimizes the expected number of queries. Prior to this paper, very little was known about this natural question and the complexity of th
We show that any submodular minimization (SM) problem defined on a linear constraint set with constraints having up to two variables per inequality, are 2-approximable in polynomial time. If the constraints are monotone (the two variables appear with opposite sign coefficients) then the problems of
We consider the problem of testing distribution identity. Given a sequence of independent samples from an unknown distribution on a domain of size n, the goal is to check if the unknown distribution approximately equals a known distribution on the same domain. While Batu, Fortnow, Fischer, Kumar, Ru
Sequences set is a mathematical model used in many applications. As the number of the sequences becomes larger, single sequence set model is not appropriate for the rapidly increasing problem sizes. For example, more and more text processing applications separate a single big text file into multiple
We consider the problem of partitioning the set of vertices of a given unit disk graph (UDG) into a minimum number of cliques. The problem is NP-hard and various constant factor approximations are known, with the current best ratio of 3. Our main result is a {em weakly robust} polynomial time approx
Finding the largest clique is a notoriously hard problem, even on random graphs. It is known that the clique number of a random graph G(n,1/2) is almost surely either k or k+1, where k = 2log n - 2log(log n) - 1. However, a simple greedy algorithm finds a clique of size only (1+o(1))log n, with high
In this note we improve a recent result by Arora, Khot, Kolla, Steurer, Tulsiani, and Vishnoi on solving the Unique Games problem on expanders. Given a $(1-varepsilon)$-satisfiable instance of Unique Games with the constraint graph $G$, our algorithm finds an assignment satisfying at least a $1- C
We study the time and space complexity of matrix permanents over rings and semirings.
Exact String Matching is an essential issue in many computer science applications. Unfortunately, the performance of Exact String Matching algorithms, namely, executing time, does not address the needs of these applications. This paper proposes a general platform for improving the existing Exact Str
In many real-life optimisation problems, there are multiple interacting components in a solution. For example, different components might specify assignments to different kinds of resource. Often, each component is associated with different sets of soft constraints, and so with different measures of
We study the degree to which a character string, $Q$, leaks details about itself any time it engages in comparison protocols with a strings provided by a querier, Bob, even if those protocols are cryptographically guaranteed to produce no additional information other than the scores that assess the
We study the weighted generalization of the edge coloring problem where the weight of each color class (matching) equals to the weight of its heaviest edge and the goal is to minimize the sum of the colors' weights. We present a 3/2-approximation algorithm for trees.
For $t,g>0$, a vertex-weighted graph of total weight $W$ is $(t,g)$-trimmable if it contains a vertex-induced subgraph of total weight at least $(1-1/t)W$ and with no simple path of more than $g$ edges. A family of graphs is trimmable if for each constant $t>0$, there is a constant $g=g(t)$ such tha
We survey a new paradigm in signal processing known as 'compressive sensing'. Contrary to old practices of data acquisition and reconstruction based on the Shannon-Nyquist sampling principle, the new theory shows that it is possible to reconstruct images or signals of scientific interest accurately
In this paper we show that set-intersection is harder than distance oracle on sparse graphs. Given a collection of total size n which consists of m sets drawn from universe U, the set-intersection problem is to build a data structure which can answer whether two sets have any intersection. A distanc
The distinguishing result of this paper is a $mathbf{P}$-time enumerable partition of all the potential perfect matchings in a bipartite graph. This partition is a set of equivalence classes induced by the missing edges in the potential perfect matchings. We capture the behavior of these missing e
The main focus of this paper is a pair of new approximation algorithms for certain integer programs. First, for covering integer programs {min cx: Ax >= b, 0 <= x <= d} where A has at most k nonzeroes per row, we give a k-approximation algorithm. (We assume A, b, c, d are nonnegative.) For any k >=
For many algorithmic problems, traditional algorithms that optimise on the number of instructions executed prove expensive on I/Os. Novel and very different design techniques, when applied to these problems, can produce algorithms that are I/O efficient. This thesis adds to the growing chorus of suc
How can we model networks with a mathematically tractable model that allows for rigorous analysis of network properties? Networks exhibit a long list of surprising properties: heavy tails for the degree distribution; small diameters; and densification and shrinking diameters over time. Most present
Motivated by the trend to outsource work to commercial cloud computing services, we consider a variation of the streaming paradigm where a streaming algorithm can be assisted by a powerful helper that can provide annotations to the data stream. We extend previous work on such {em annotation models}
It is widely believed that computing payments needed to induce truthful bidding is somehow harder than simply computing the allocation. We show that the opposite is true: creating a randomized truthful mechanism is essentially as easy as a single call to a monotone allocation rule. Our main result i
This is a survey paper on applications of mathematics of semirings to numerical analysis and computing. Concepts of universal algorithm and generic program are discussed. Relations between these concepts and mathematics of semirings are examined. A very brief introduction to mathematics of semirings
The paper is organized as a self-contained literate Haskell program that implements elements of an executable finite set theory with focus on combinatorial generation and arithmetic encodings. The code, tested under GHC 6.6.1, is available at http://logic.csci.unt.edu/tarau/research/2008/fSET.zip .
This paper is an exploration in a functional programming framework of {em isomorphisms} between elementary data types (natural numbers, sets, multisets, finite functions, permutations binary decision diagrams, graphs, hypergraphs, parenthesis languages, dyadic rationals, primes, DNA sequences etc.)
Using specializations of unfold and fold on a generic tree data type we derive unranking and ranking functions providing natural number encodings for various Hereditarily Finite datatypes. In this context, we interpret unranking operations as instances of a generic anamorphism and ranking operatio
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