All posts under category "Computer Science / Computers and Society"
A recent issue of a popular computing journal asked which laws would apply if a self-driving car killed a pedestrian. This paper considers the question of legal liability for artificially intelligent computer systems. It discusses whether criminal liability could ever apply; to whom it might apply;
Convolutional neural network models (CNNs) have made major advances in computer vision tasks in the last five years. Given the challenge in collecting real world datasets, most studies report performance metrics based on available research datasets. In scenarios where CNNs are to be deployed on imag
Mobile phones are becoming increasingly advanced and the latest ones are equipped with many diverse and powerful sensors. These sensors can be used to study different position and orientation of the phone which can help smartphone manufacture to track about their customers handling from the recorded
Big, fine-grained enterprise registration data that includes time and location information enables us to quantitatively analyze, visualize, and understand the patterns of industries at multiple scales across time and space. However, data quality issues like incompleteness and ambiguity, hinder such
In the real time processing, a new emerging technology where the need of connecting smart devices with cloud through Internet has raised. IoT devices processed information is to be stored and accessed anywhere needed with a support of powerful computing performance, efficient storage infrastructure
In recent years the cybersecurity policy debate in Washington has been dominated by calls for greater information sharing within the private sector, and between the private sector and the federal government. The passage of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) (signed into law under the C
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) is a major problem to be addressed by many cities. Understanding the behavior of sewer system through proper urban hydrological models is an effective method of enhancing sewer system management. Conventional deterministic methods, which heavily rely on physical princip
Time-series of satellite images may reveal important data about changes in environmental conditions and natural or urban landscape structures that are of potential interest to citizens, historians, or policymakers. We applied a fast method of image analysis using Self Organized Maps (SOM) and, more
Objective: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease with multiple triggers manifesting as symptoms with various intensities. This paper evaluates the suitability of long-term monitoring of pediatric asthma using diverse data to qualify and quantify triggers that contribute to the asthma symptoms and co
Nowadays, the Internet is indispensable when it comes to information dissemination. People rely on the Internet to inform themselves on current news events, as well as to verify facts. We, as a community, are quickly approaching an 'electronic information age' where the majority of information will
This paper addresses the interpretability of deep learning-enabled image recognition processes in computer vision science in relation to theories in art history and cognitive psychology on the vision-related perceptual capabilities of humans. Examination of what is determinable about the machine-lea
To improve the quality and efficiency of research, groups within the scientific community seek to exploit the value of data sharing. Funders, institutions, and specialist organizations are developing and implementing strategies to encourage or mandate data sharing within and across disciplines, with
E-learning; enhanced by communicating and interacting is becoming increasingly accepted and this puts Web 2.0 at the center of the new educational technologies. E-Learning 2.0 emerges as an innovative method of online learning for its incorporation of Web 2.0 tools. For any academic study, the curri
This paper presents a novel Inter Catchment Wastewater Transfer (ICWT) method for mitigating sewer overflow. The ICWT aims at balancing the spatial mismatch of sewer flow and treatment capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), through collaborative operation of sewer system facilities. Using a
An Electronic Health Record (EHR) system must enable efficient availability of meaningful, accurate and complete data to assist improved clinical administration through the development, implementation and optimisation of clinical pathways. Therefore data integrity is the driving force in EHR systems
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are now clearly a promising candidate in addressing the environmental problems associated with conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). However, BEVs, unlike ICEVs, are still not widely accepted in the automobile market but continuing technological c
Graph based entropy, an index of the diversity of events in their distribution to parts of a co-occurrence graph, is proposed for detecting signs of structural changes in the data that are informative in explaining latent dynamics of consumers behavior. For obtaining graph-based entropy, connected s
In the prevailing cellular environment, it is important to provide the resources for the fluctuating traffic demand exactly in the place and at the time where and when they are needed. In this paper, we explored the ability of hierarchical cellular structures with inter layer reuse to increase the c
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication after a surgery which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The majority of existing perioperative AKI risk score prediction models are limited in their generalizability and do not fully utilize the physiological intraoperative tim
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are seen as a next step in distance online learning. In the MOOC vision, large numbers of students can access the course content over the Internet and complete courses at their own pace while interacting with their peers and instructors online. Despite the initial
Educational technology has obtained great importance over the last fifteen years. At present, the umbrella of educational technology incorporates multitudes of engaging online environments and fields. Learning analytics and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are two of the most relevant emerging to
As we increasingly delegate decision-making to algorithms, whether directly or indirectly, important questions emerge in circumstances where those decisions have direct consequences for individual rights and personal opportunities, as well as for the collective good. A key problem for policymakers i
Cross-institutional healthcare predictive modeling can accelerate research and facilitate quality improvement initiatives, and thus is important for national healthcare delivery priorities. For example, a model that predicts risk of re-admission for a particular set of patients will be more generali
Our societies are increasingly dependent on services supplied by computers & their software. New technology only exacerbates this dependence by increasing the number, performance, and degree of autonomy and inter-connectivity of software-empowered computers and cyber-physical 'things', which transla
Today, online privacy is the domain of regulatory measures and privacy-enhancing technologies. Transparency in the form of external and public assessments has been proposed for improving privacy and security because it exposes otherwise hidden deficiencies. Previous work has studied privacy attitude
This paper replicates, extends, and refutes conclusions made in a study published in PLoS ONE ('Even Good Bots Fight'), which claimed to identify substantial levels of conflict between automated software agents (or bots) in Wikipedia using purely quantitative methods. By applying an integrative mixe
Big data analytics is one of the state-of-the-art tools to optimize networks and transform them from merely being a blind tube that conveys data, into a cognitive, conscious, and self-optimizing entity that can intelligently adapt according to the needs of its users. This, in fact, can be regarded a
Very few details about point systems used in games for health are reported in scientific literature. To shed some light on this topic a bibliometric study, analyzing the papers containing terms related to games for health and point systems was performed and a mini taxonomy was derived. The search st
As a consequence of the huge advancement of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in healthcare settings, the My Health Record (MHR) is introduced in Australia. However security and privacy of the MHR system have been encumbering the development of the system. Even though the MHR system is claimed as p
Availability of large amount of clinical data is opening up new research avenues in a number of fields. An exciting field in this respect is healthcare, where secondary use of healthcare data is beginning to revolutionize healthcare. Except for availability of Big Data, both medical data from health
A look at Identity as a Service (IDaaS) and Federated Identity Management (FIM) and acceptance amongst organizations, users, and general population. While FIM has shown acceptance amongst educational, commercial and government organizations, the general population acting has not seen the level of tr
In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts. In this study, use of the skin tone emoji is analyzed geographically in a large sample of data from Twitter. It can be shown that values for the skin
Massive content about user's social, personal and professional life stored on Online Social Networks (OSNs) has attracted not only the attention of researchers and social analysts but also the cyber criminals. These cyber criminals penetrate illegally into an OSN by establishing fake profiles or by
In this paper, we will discuss the design and implementation of three educational robotics workshops that focus on the use of robotics for addressing real-world societal problems. Through the workshops, we aimed to investigate how the integration of real-world problems to robotics can provide a mult
What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policy making? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each f
This report surveys the landscape of potential security threats from malicious uses of AI, and proposes ways to better forecast, prevent, and mitigate these threats. After analyzing the ways in which AI may influence the threat landscape in the digital, physical, and political domains, we make four
Machine learning (ML) is the fastest growing field in computer science and healthcare, providing future benefits in improved medical diagnoses, disease analyses and prevention. In this paper, we introduce an application of interactive machine learning (iML) in a telemedicine system, to enable automa
The rapid technological enhancement and innovations in current days have changed people's thought. The use of Information Technology tools in people's daily life has changed their life style completely. The advent of various innovative smart products in the market has tremendous impact on people's l
Crowdfunding is a new funding method through which founders request small amounts of funding from a large number of people through an online platform. Crowdfunding facilitates a new type of social capital and exhibits a unique form of social dynamics, thus attracting the interest of sociologists and
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) communications protocol is used to secure traffic between a web browser and server. This technology can significantly reduce the risk of interception and manipulation of web information for nefarious purposes such as identity theft. Deployment of HTTPS
The main concept of the proposed work is derived from Wireless Body Area network (WBAN). The proposed work employs Raspberry Pi kit as a personal server which logs the health data and it can be accessed by any PDA within the LAN range. In this paper, two vital parameters namely Temperature sensor an
In this research, we investigate the impact of delegating decision making to information technology (IT) on an important human decision bias - the sunk cost effect. To address our research question, we use a unique and very rich dataset containing actual market transaction data for approximately 7,0
The purpose of the present essay is to suggest a possible model to describe the worldwide healthcare crisis, where diseases that have been considered to be eradicated or under our control are re-emerging today.
The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 provides the Proportion top-10% publications (PP top 10%) as a new indicator. This indicator allows for testing the difference between two ranks for statistical significance.
In this paper is analyzed the prototyping of the information visualization on a Web Application for community purposes in a collaborative environment representing an evolution of the actual social networks like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, VirgilioPeople,... The intent of this work is to
The results of chest X-ray (CXR) analysis of 2D images to get the statistically reliable predictions (availability of tuberculosis) by computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) on the basis of deep learning are presented. They demonstrate the efficiency of lung segmentation, lossless and lossy data augmentati
Computational Social Science emerged as a highly technical and popular discipline in the last few years, owing to the substantial advances in communication technology and daily production of vast quantities of personal data. As per capita data production significantly increased in the last decade, b
Most universities in developing countries are using a teaching and learning approach known as blended e-learning, however, there was no multicultural-based blended e-learning framework. Furthermore, there is no research to show the impact of multicultural blended e-learning on satisfaction of learne
Machine learning is a computational process. To that end, it is inextricably tied to computational power - the tangible material of chips and semiconductors that the algorithms of machine intelligence operate on. Most obviously, computational power and computing architectures shape the speed of trai
The e-commerce share in the global retail spend is showing a steady increase over the years indicating an evident shift of consumer attention from bricks and mortar to clicks in retail sector. In recent years, online marketplaces have become one of the key contributors to this growth. As the busines
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