Cloud Computing

JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2010, ISSN 2151-9617 HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/JOURNALOFCOMPUTING/ 78 Cloud Computing Shivaji P . Mirashe, Dr . N.V . Kalyankar . Abst ract — Computing as you know it is about to change, y our app lications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I’m talking about cloud computing, w here applications and files are hosted on a “cloud” consisti ng of thousands of computers and servers, all linked together and accessible via the Internet. With cloud computing, everything you do is now web based instead of being desktop based. Y ou can access all your programs and documents from any computer that’s connected to the Internet. How will cloud computing change the way you work? For one thing, you’re no longer tied to a single computer . Y ou can take your work anywhere because it’s always accessible via the w eb. In addition, cloud computing fa cilitates group collaboration, as all group members can access the same programs and documents from wherever t hey happen to be located. Cloud computing might sound far-fetched, but chances are you’re already using some cloud applicat ions. If you’re using a web-based email program, such as Gmail or Hotmail, you’re computing in t he cloud. If you’re using a web- based application such as Google Calendar or Apple Mobile Me, you’re computing in the cloud. If yo u’re using a file- or photo-shari ng site, such as Flickr or Pi casa Web Albums, you’re computing in the cloud. It’s the technology of the future, available to use today . Index T erms —What is Cloud Computing?, Cloud computing is Pr ogramm able, Understanding Cloud Architecture, Why Computing Advantage and Disadvantage, Who Benefits from Cl oud Computing, Cloud Computing for Everyone, Using cloud computing Services, Computing on the Cloud & Privacy , Securit y , and standards Compliance. ——————————  —————————— 1 I NTRODUCTION irst, cloud computing isn’t network computing. With network computing, application or documents are hosted on a single company’s server and accessed over the company’s network. Cloud computing is a lot bigger than that. It encompasses multiple companies, multiple servers, and multiple networks. Plus, unlike network computing, cloud services and storage are ac- cessible from anywhere in the world over an Intern et connection; with network computing, access is over the company’s network only. Cloud computing also isn’t traditional outsourcing, where a company farms out (subcontracts) its computing services to an outside firm. While an outsourc ing firm might host a company’s data or applications, those doc- uments and programs are only accessibl e to the compa- ny’s employees via the company’s network, not to the entire world via the Internet. So, d espite superficial simi- larities, networking computing and outsourcing are not cloud computing. 2 W HA T IS C LOUD C OMPUTING ? How does cloud computing work? What does cloud computing mean for the way you use a computer? W hat are the top cloud computing applications? Good ques- tions all, and all answered in this paper, Cloud Compu- ting. That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online. I don’t pretend to answer every question you may have (the overly technical ones in particular), but I do try to give you a good solid overview of the cloud computing phenomenon, and introduce you to some of the more popular cloud applications—in particular, those that faci- litate group collaboration. And that’s where cloud com- puting really shines. Whether you want to share photo- graphs with family members, coordinate volunteers for a community organization, or manage a multifaceted project in a large organization, cloud computing can help you collaborate and communicate with other group members. You’ll have a better idea of how this works af- ter you read the book, bu t trust me on this one—if you need to collaborate, cloud computing is the Sway to do it. Key to the definition of cl oud computing is the “cloud” itself. For our purposes, the cloud is a large group of in- terconnected computers. These computers can be person- al computers or network servers; they can be public or private. For example, Google hosts a cloud that consists of both smallish PCs and larger servers. Google’s cloud is a private one (that is, Google ow ns it) that is publicly ac- cessible (by Google’s users). This cloud of computers ex- tends beyond a single company or enterprise. The appli- cations and data served by the cloud are available to broad group of users, cross-enterprise and cross-platform. Access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet connection. And, to the user, the technology and infra- structure behind the cloud is invisible. It isn’t apparent (and, in most cases doesn’t matter) whether cloud servic- es are based on HTTP, HTML, XM L, JavaScript, or other specific technologies. It might help to examine how one of the pioneers of cloud computing, Google, perceives the ——————————————— —  F.A. is Working as a Manager,ID C-Internet Data Center,Reliance Com- munications,New Mumbai.(Maharas htra) - (INDIA)  S.A. Principal of Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya Nanded. F JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2010, ISSN 2151-9617 HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/JOURNALOFCOMPUTING/ 79 topic. From Google’s perspect ive, there are six key prop- erties of cloud computing as below, 1) Cloud computing is user -centric. Once you as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored there— documents, messages, images , applications, whatever— becomes yours. In addition, not only is the data yours, but you can also share it with others. In effect, any device that accesses your data in th e cloud also becomes yours. 2) Cloud computing is task-centr ic. Instead of focusing on the application and what it can do, the focus is on what you need done and how the application can do it for you., Traditional applicatio ns—word processing, spread- sheets, email, and so on—are becoming less important than the documents they create. 3) Cloud computing is powerful . Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing power impossible with a single desktop PC. Cloud computing is accessible. Because data is stored in the cloud, users can instantly retrieve more information from multiple repositories. You’re not li- mited to a single source of data, as you are with a desktop PC. 4) Cloud Computing is intelligent. With all the various data stored on the computers in a cloud, data mining and analysis are necessary to access that information in an intelligent manner. 5) Cloud Computing is Progr ammable. Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computin g must be automated. Fo r example, to protect the integrity of the data, infor mation stored on a single computer in the cloud must be repli- cated on other computers in the cloud. If that one co m- puter goes offline, the cloud’s programming automatical- ly redistributes that computer’s data to a new computer in the cloud. All these definitions behind us, what constitutes cloud computing in the real world? Int ernet-accessible, group-collaborative applications are currently available, with many more on the way. Perhaps the best and most popular examples of cloud computing applications today are the Google family of applications—Google Docs & Spreadsheets, Google Calendar, Gmail, Picasa, and the like. All of these applications are hosted on Google’s servers, are accessible to any user with an Internet con- nection, and can be used fo r group collaboration from anywhere in the world. In short, cloud computing enables a shift from the computer to the user, from applications to tasks, and from isolated data to data that can be accessed from anywhere and shared with anyone. The user n o longer has to take on the task of data management; he doesn’t even have to remember where the data is. All that matters is that the da ta is in the cloud, a nd thus imme- diately available to that user and to other authorized us- ers. 3 U NDERST ANDING C LOUD A RCHITECTURE ECTIONS Cloud architecture, the system s architecture of the soft- ware systems involved in the delivery of cloud compu- ting, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integra - tor. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application p ro- gramming interfaces, usuall y web services. This closely resembles the Unix philosophy of havi ng multiple programs each doing one thing well and work- ing together over universal in terfaces. Complexity is con- trolled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts. Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications access cloud ap- plications. Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, often assiduously avoiding the use of centralized metadata servers which can become bottlenecks. This enables the data nodes to scale into th e hundreds, each independent- ly delivering data to applications or users. demonstrated in this document, the numbering for sections upper case Arabic numerals, then upper case Arabic numerals, sepa- rated by periods. Initial paragraphs afte r the section title are not indented. Only the initial, introductory paragraph has a drop cap. Figure 1 Cloud computing sample architecture. Figure 2 Under- standing Cloud Architecture The key to cloud computing is the “cloud”—a massive network of servers or even individual PCs interconnected in a grid. These computers run in parallel, combining the resources of each to generate supercomputing-like power. What, exactly, is the “cloud”? Put simply, the cloud is a collection of computers and servers that are publicly ac- cessible via the Internet. This hardware is typically owned and operated by a third party on a consolidated basis in one or more data center locations. The machines can run any combination of operating systems; it’s the processing power of the machines that matter, not what their desk- tops look like. As shown in Figure 1.1, individual users connect to the cloud from their own personal comp uters or portab le devices, over the Internet. To these individual users, the cloud is seen as a single application, device, or docume nt. The hardware in the cloud (and the operating system that manages the hardware connections) is invisible. 4 W HY C OMPUTING A D V AN T AGE AN D D ISADV ANT AGE :- Any serious analysis of cloud computing must address the advantages and disadvantages offered by this burge- JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2010, ISSN 2151-9617 HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/JOURNALOFCOMPUTING/ 80 oning technology. What’s good—and what’s bad—about cloud computing? Let’s take a look. Advantage as below , We’ll start with the advantages offered by cloud compu- ting—and there are many. 1) Lower-Cost Computers for Users 2) Improved Performance 3) Lower IT Infrastructure Costs 4) Fewer Maintenance Issues 5) Lower Software Costs 6) Instant Software Updates 7) Increased Computing Power 8) Unlimited Storage Capacity 9) Increased Data Safety 10) Improved Compatibility Between Operating Systems 11) Improved Document Format Compatibility 12) Easier Group Collaboration 13) Universal Access to Documents 14) Latest Version Availability 15) Removes the Tether to Specific Devices Disadvantage as below, That’s not to say, of course, that cloud computing is with- out its disadvantages. There are a number of reasons why you might not want to adopt cloud computing for your particular needs. Let’s examine a few of the risks related to cloud computing. 1) Requires a Constant Internet Connection 2) Doesn’t Work Well with Low-Speed Connections 3) Can Be Slow 4) Features Might Be Limited 5) Stored Data Might Not Be Secure 6) If the Cloud Loses Your Data, You’re screwed. 5 W HO B ENEFITS FROM C LOUD C OMPUTING ? Let’s face it, cloud computing isn’t for everyone. What types of users, then, are be st suited for cloud compu- ting—and which aren’t? 1) Collaborators 2) Road Warriors 3) Cost-Conscious Users 4) Cost-Conscious IT Departments 5) Users with Increasing Needs Collaborators:- If you often collaborate with others on group projects, you’re an ideal candidate fo r cloud computing. The abili- ty to share and edit documents in r eal time between mul- tiple users is one of the primary benefits of web-based applications. it makes collaborating easy and even fun. Road Warriors:- Another prime candidate fo r cloud computing is the road warrior. When you work at one office today, at home the next day, and in another city the next, it’s tough to keep track of all your do cuments and applications. You may end up with one version of a document on your work PC, another on your laptop, and a third on your home PC—and that’s if you remember to copy that doc- ument and take it with you from one location to the nex t. 6 C LOUD C OMPUTING FOR E VER YONE ? Now that you know a little bit ab out how cloud compu- ting works, let’s look at how you can make cloud compu- ting work for you. By that I mean real-world examples of how typical users can take advantage of the collaborative features inherent in web-based applications. We’ll start our real-world tour of cloud compu- ting by examining how an average family can use we b- based applications for various purp oses. As you’ll see, computing in the cloud can help a family communicate and collaborate—and bring family members closer to- gether. I-Cloud Computing for the Fam ily 1) Centralizing Email Communications 2) Collaborating on Schedules 3) Collaborating on Grocery Lists 4) Collaborating on To-Do Lists 5) Collaborating on Household Budgets 6) Collaborating on Contact Lists 7) Collaborating on School Projects 8) Sharing Family Photos II-Cloud Computing for the Community 1) Communicating Across the Community 2) Collaborating on Schedules 3) Collaborating on Group Projects and Events III- Cloud Compu ting for the Corporat ion 1) Managing Schedules 2) Managing Contact Lists 3) Managing Project 4) Collaborating on Reports 5) Collaborating on Marketing Mat erials 6) Collaborating on Expense Reports. 7) Collaborating on Budget s 8) Collaborating on Financial Statements 9) Collaborating on Presentation 7 U SING C LOUD C OMPUTING S ER VICE :- Services provided by cloud computing can be split into three major categories. i)Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS):- Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) like Amazon Web Ser- vices provides virtual servers with unique IP addresses and blocks of storage on demand. Customers benefit from an API from which they can co ntrol their servers. Because customers can pay for exactly the amount of service they use, like for electricity or wate r, this service is also called utility computing. ii) Software-as-a-Ser vice (SaaS):- Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is the broadest market. In this case the provider allows the customer only to use its applications. The software interacts with the user through a user interface. These applications can be anything from web based email, to applicat ions like Twitter or Last.fm. 7 C OMPUTING ON THE C LOUD :- Cloud computing is offered in different forms as below, 1) Public Cloud. 2) Private Cloud JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2010, ISSN 2151-9617 HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/JOURNALOFCOMPUTING/ 81 3) Hybrid cloud which comb ine both Public & Private. Public Cloud:- Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud comp uting in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self- service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site th ird-party provider who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis. Hybrid cloud:- A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple in- ternal and/or external providers "will be typical for mos t enterprises". A hybrid cloud can describe configuration combining a local device, such as a Plug computer with cloud services. It can also de scribe configurations combin- ing virtual and physical, colocated assets—for example, a mostly virtualized environment that requires physical servers, routers, or other hardware suc h as a network appliance acting as a firewall or spam filter. Private cloud:- Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These (typically virtualisation automati on) products claim to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalising on data security, corporate gover- nance, and reliability concerns. They have been criticized on the basis that users "still have to buy, build, and man- age them" and as such do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud compu- ting such an intriguing concept". While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same firm. Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium enterprises will get most of their computing resources fr om external cloud computing providers as they "will not have econo- mies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT business" or be able to afford private clouds. Analysts have re- ported on Platform's view t h at private clouds are a step- ping stone to external clouds, particularly for the financial services, and that future datacenters will look like internal clouds. The term has also been used in the logical rather than physical sense, for example in reference to platform as a service offerings, though such offerings including Micro- soft's Azure Services Platfo rm are not available for o n- premises deployment 9 P RIV ACY , S ECURITY , AND S TA N D AR D S C OMPLIANCE :- A major issue in cloud computing, especially with public clouds, is protection of user data. One concern is that cloud providers themselves may have ac cess to custom- ers' unencrypted data - whether it's on disk, in memory, or transmitted over the network. To lim it this exposure, many sources recommend never giving providers access to unencrypted data or keys. A second concern is that many public cloud providers are unable or unwilling to allow auditing of their physical or network security measures. This can preclude them, and thus their custom- ers, from meeting standards such as the US government's HIPAA or Sarbanes-Oxley, the European Union's Data Protection Directive, or the credit card industry's PCI DSS. The extent of some public clouds across multiple legal jurisdictions further comp licates this issue; see "Le- gal Issues" for more detail. These concerns are considered key obstacles to broader adoption of cloud computing, making them areas of active research and debate among cloud computing practitioners and advocates. 10 C ONCLUSION : - We are observes that cloud computing has been defined a s " e v e r y t h i n g t h a t w e c u r r e n t l y d o " . M a n y t e c h n o l o g i e s t h a t h a v e b e e n b r a n d e d a s " c l o u d c o m p u t i n g " h a v e e x - isted for a long time before the "cloud" label came into existence. Examples include databases, load balanced on- demand web hosting services, network storage, real time online services, hosted services in general. 11 A CKNOWLEDGMENT :- The authors wish to thank Miss. Suvran D. Alandkar (Mi- rash), Professor Shivaji Balaji Chavan (Yeshwant Mahavi- dyalaya Nanded), Mr. Aniket Despande (IBM), Mr. Satish Khadap (infovisionindia Consulting Services) & Mr.Satish D. Alandkar (BSNL-Pune). 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Mirashe Myself Mr. Shivaji Pandurangra o Mirashe . I have completed MCA from S.R.T.M.U. Nanded (M aharashtra) Indian. I have got 8 Years experience in Information Technology. Currently I am working as a Manager in Information Security in Reliance Communication. Mum - bai – Maharashtra (INDIA), doing the PHD at Yeshwant Mahavidya- laya Nanded, affiliated to S.R.T.M. University N ANDED, Maharash- tra, INDIA Paper Publish at different place & IEEE as below name, 1) Firewall Penetration Testing Paper ID M575 – The 2nd Interna- tional Conference on Computer modeling and simulation (iccms 2010)- http://iccms.org/ 2) Peer-to-Peer Network Protocols ID H271 - Th e 2010 International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing (ICSAP 2010) - http://www.icsap.org/ 3) Why We Need the Intrusion Detection Prevention Systems (IDPS) In IT Company – ID E447. - 2nd International Conference on Co m- puter Engineering and Applications (ICCEA 2010) - http://www.iccea.org/ 4) E-marketing, Unsolicited Commercial E-mail, and Legal Solutions – Emerging Trends in Computer Science, Communication & Infor- mation Technology (CSCIT2010) www.cscit2010.com 5) Saving the World Unsolicited Email Flow - Emerging Trends in Computer Science and Information Technology-20 10 (For further information visit http://www.kkwagh.org/ETCSIT/ETCSIT10. html 6) Shivji Mirashe is a member of the IEEE and the IEEE Compute r Society & International Association of Computer Science and Inf or- mation Technology IACSIT( Member NO. ： 80337345 ) . Second A uthor:- Namdeo V. Kalyankar: Dr. N.V. Kalyankar Principal of Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya Nanded. S.R.T.M.University Nanded (Maharashtra) - (INDIA). Completed M.Sc. Physics from B.A.M. University , Aurangabad. in 1980. in 1980 he joined as Lecturer in Department of Physics in yeshwant College,Nanded. In 1984 he completed his DHE. He Completed his Ph.D. from B.A.M.Univer sity in 1995. From 2003 he is working as Principal since 2003 to till date in Yeshwant college Nanded. He is also Research Guide for Computer Studies in S.R.T.M. University , Nanded. He is also worked on various bodies in S.R.T.M. University Nanded. He also published research p apers in various international/ national journal s. He is peer team member of NAAC (National Assessment and A ccreditation Council)(India). He published a book entitled “ DBMS Concept and programming in Fox- pro”. He also got “Best Principal” award f rom S.R.T.M. University, Nanded(India) in 2009. He is life member of Indi an National Con- gress , Kolkata (India). He is also honored with “Fellowship of Lin- nean Society of London (F.L.S.)” on 11th Nov. 200 9.